雅思阅读的正确姿势 C13 T1-3（目标8分）

题型分析

题型的顺序依次是单选题，配对题，判断题

一、单选题

先看每一题的题目，画出这一题的关键字，根据问题中的关键字去文中找答案

27. What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph?
28. According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?
29. What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool?
30. What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph?
31. The writer refers to the paintings of a chair as an example of computer art which

二、配对题

配对题的形式是完成句子，题干中给你前半句，让你匹配后半句，同样首先划出关键字

32. Simon Colton says it is important to consider the long-term view when
33. David Cope's EMI software surprised people by
34. Geraint Wiggins criticized Cope for not
35. Douglas Hofstadter claimed that EMI was
36. Audiences who had listened to EMI's music became angry after
37. The participants in David Moffat's study had to assess music without

List of Ideas
A. generating work that was virtually indistinguishable from that of humans.
B. knowing whether it was the work of humans or software.
C. producing work entirely dependent on the imagination of its creator.
D. comparing the artistic achievements of humans and computers.
E. revealing the technical details of his program.
F. persuading the public to appreciate computer art.
G. discovering that it was the product of a computer program.

三、判断题（Yes/No/Not Given)

38. Moffat's research may help explain people's reactions to EMI.
39. The non-experts in Moffat's study all responded in a predictable way.
40. Justin Kruger's findings cast doubt on Paul Bloom's theory about people's prejudice towards computer art.

读文章，找答案

先看标题，标题是：人工艺术家（类似于人工智能），本篇是围绕着电脑创造艺术这个问题来讨论的

划完关键字，根据关键字去文中寻找答案

第1段

The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, so their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robot have sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer.

单选题的第一题中已经明确指出了in the first paragraph，这段中找作者对于电脑生成的suggestion吧

发现第一段只是简单介绍了一下Painting Fool这个软件，人工智能创作的音乐欺骗了大众，绘画也卖出了高价，总之，看起来AI创作的艺术品貌似质量很不错。

Q27

What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph?
A. People's acceptance of them can vary considerably.
B. A great deal of progress has already been attained in this field.
C. They have had more success in some artistic genres than in others.
D. The advances are not as significant as the public believes them to be.

选项A：人们对其接受度大相庭径，貌似与作者的态度不符
选项B：已经取得了巨大的成就，貌似比较符合
选项C：在某些领域取得的成就比其他领域的大，作者提到了音乐，绘画等领域，但没有做出比较，不符
选项D：取得的进步落后于公众的认知，最后一句说了软件创造的艺术甚至超出了程序员的预期，不符
So，Q27选B

第2段

Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? 'This is a question at the very core of humanity,' says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. 'It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.'

首先找Q28的关键字，Geraint Wiggin，找到了；接下来看GW这兄弟认为为什么人们担忧AI创作。在他接下来的话中，有scares和worried的字眼，发现GW的人们担心AIis taking something special away from what it means to be human，那这个something special是什么呢？第一句提到了，human creativity，所以人们担心的是，如果把创作的任务留给代码，人类可能失去创造力

Q28

According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?
A. It is aesthetically inferior to human art.
B. It may ultimately supersede human art.
C. It undermines a fundamental human quality.
D. It will lead to a deterioration in human ability.

选项A：AI艺术美学不如人类艺术，没提到
选项B：AI艺术远超人类艺术，没提到
选项C：AI艺术破坏人类一种基本的质量，有点沾边，但原文是take something special away，而不是破坏
选项D：AI艺术会导致人类能力的退化，同上，创造力被take away了，也就是这项能力退化了，就是它了

Q28选D

第3段

To some extent, we are all familiar with computerized art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London's Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realize the programmer's own creative ideas.

继续找关键字，Q29的关键字是Aaron和Painting Fool，看看这里有没有，OK，文中提到了Aaron。然后再找Aaron和Painting Fool之间的差别。Aaron是一个最老的AI程序，在最后一句，提到了Aaron只是一个工具（little more than，仅仅是），还无法识别程序员自己创意idea，而第一段中介绍的Painting Fool创造的古典音乐已经可以蒙骗观众了，高下立判啊

Q29

What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool?
A. its programmer's background
B. public response to its work
C. the source of its subject matter
D. the technical standard of its output

选项A：程序员的背景？滚！
选项B：公众的反应？没提到
选项C：source of subject matter，创作题材的源头，不明觉厉的感觉
选项D：产出的技术标准，没提到

Q29选C

第4段

Q30明确说明了4th paragraph，另外配对题的第一题也有Simon Colton这个人，这段先看这两题。

Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn't attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier 'artists' such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people's double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. 'If a child painted a new scene from its head, you'd say it has a certain level of imagination,' he points out. 'The same should be true of a machine. Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool's paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly lauded for limiting their color palette — so why should computers be any different?

首先，看看说了啥。SC是painting fool的设计者，首先避免作品不受到相同的批判。然后说这个软件的特点，比如自己去线上找素材，现在成精了，能够从零开始画了。看到了Colton argues that ...，这后面一般接观点，所以Q30的答案应该就在这句话里。他说人类对AI作品和人类的作品有双重标准，后面就是解释这个双重标准了（小孩的画和AI的画）。

Q30问的是SC这兄弟的观点。

Q30

What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph?
A. Software-produced art is often dismissed as childish and simplistic.
B .The same concepts of creativity should not be applied to all forms of art.
C .It is unreasonable to expect a machine to be as imaginative as a human being.
D .People tend to judge computer art and human art according to different criteria.

选项A：AI作品被认为孩子气 & 过于简单
选项B：创造力的概念不应该被应用到所有类型的艺术中
选项C：想要一台机器和人类一样有创造力是不现实的
选项D：人们倾向于对AI艺术和人工艺术使用不同的评判标准，got it

Q30选D

继续看Q31，painting of a chair，也在这一段里，Good

画椅子想说什么呢？由于软件bug的原因，椅子的画是黑白的，让整个作品的质量eerie, ghostlike，猜测是说作品的质量不可控，会给人极大惊喜。然后有个绘画大师Ellsworth Kelly鼓吹要限制作品的颜色，这点电脑已经做到了:-)

Q31

The writer refers to the paintings of a chair as an example of computer art which
A. achieves a particularly striking effect.
B. exhibits a certain level of genuine artistic skill.
C. closely resembles that of a well-known artist.
D. highlights the technical limitations of the software.

选项A：达到了某种惊艳的效果，看着有点像，后面没有更贴切的就是它了
选项B：展现了天才艺术家的水平，没说
选项C：很仔细地模仿某著名艺术家，不是模仿，是意外产生的，错
选项D：凸显了软件的技术限制，没说

Q31选A

配对题的关键字long-term view没发现，看来这一篇阅读还是非常守规矩的，先做完单选，再做配对，一样一样来

第5段

回顾一下，后面还有9道题，只剩下3段，而且后面9道题的关键字在前面段落都没出现。So，估计在最后3段会密集出现，要仔细找关键字

Researchers like Colton don't believe it is right to measure machine creativity directly to that of humans who 'have had millennia to develop our skills'. Others, though, are fascinated by the prospect that a computer might create something as original and subtle as our best artists. So far, only one has come close.

Composer David Cope invented a program called Experiments in Musical Intelligence, or EMI. Not only did EMI create compositions in Cope's style, but also that of the most revered classical composers, including Bach, Chopin and Mozart. Audiences were moved to tears, and EMI even fooled classical music experts into thinking they were hearing genuine Bach.

Not everyone was impressed however. Some, such as Wiggins, have blasted Cope's work as pseudoscience, and condemned him for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked.

Meanwhile, Douglas Hofstadter of Indiana University said EMI created replicas which still rely completely on the original artist's creative impulses.

When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope, and one music lover even tried to punch him. Amid such controversy, Cope destroyed EMI's vital databases.

• 先看Colton的内容，Colton不认为应该把AI的创造力，和人类「发展了数千年的技能」进行比较。看看题目，发现D. comparing the artistic achievements of humans and computers.比较符合他的意思，Q32选D
• Q33找David Coper，EMI，surprise这些关键字。文中提到了EMI让观众落泪，甚至使古典音乐专家都误以为是巴赫作曲的。看选项，发现A. generating work that was virtually indistinguishable from that of humans.比较合适，古典音乐专家都分不清EMI的作品和巴赫的作品啊，呵呵，Q33选A
• Q34，Wiggins开始和Coper撕逼，指责Coper是伪科学，以及Coper故意对软件如何运行含糊其辞。选项中E. revealing the technical details of his program.符合题意，Q34选E
• Q35，Douglas Hofstadter则说EMI还是完全依赖于原作者的创造性的impluse。看选项，C. producing work entirely dependent on the imagination of its creator.符合，都是依赖于原作者的创意之类的，Q35选C
• Q36，观众发现真相后愤怒了，感觉自己被欺骗了，哈哈哈。G. discovering that it was the product of a computer program.符合，Q36选G

第6段

But why did so many people love the music, yet recoil when they discovered how it was composed? A study by computer scientist David Moffat of Glasgow Caledonian University provides a clue. He asked both expert musicians and non-experts to assess six compositions. The participants weren't told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers, but were asked to guess, and then rate how much they liked each one.

People who thought the composer was a computer tended to dislike the piece more than those who believed it was human. This was true even among the experts, who might have been expected to be more objective in their analyses.

发现了assess关键字

• 先看Q37，参与者不被告知这曲子到底是AI作曲还是人类作曲的，通过自己去评估。选项B. knowing whether it was the work of humans or software.是答案了，Q37选B

再看判断题

Q38 DM的研究有助于解释人们对EMI的反应。人们对EMI有什么反应？觉得应该是人类的作品，结果是AI做的，感觉上当受骗了，很愤怒。最后一部分也说了，如果人们觉得是人类的作品，就愿意出高价，如果是机器的作品就不愿出高价。这算不算是一种解释呢？应该算吧，Q38填Yes

Q39 能预测到非专家人员的行为。本段只说了他们的心理，没说结果，没说预测，所以Q39填Not Given

第7段

Where does this prejudice come from? Paul Bloom of Yale University has a suggestion: he reckons part of the pleasure we get from art stems from the creative process behind the work. This can give it an 'irresistible essence', says Bloom. Meanwhile, experiments by Justin Kruger of New York University have shown that people's enjoyment of an artwork increases if they think more time and effort was needed to create it.

Similarly, Colton thinks that when people experience art, they wonder what the artist might have been thinking or what the artist is trying to tell them. It seems obvious, therefore, that with computers producing art, this speculation is cut short — there's nothing to explore. But as technology becomes increasingly complex, finding those greater depths in computer art could become possible. This is precisely why Colton asks the Painting Fool to tap into online social networks for its inspiration: hopefully this way it will choose themes that will already be meaningful to us.

Q40是说JK对PB的理论提出了质疑。

本段首先是PB关于人类对AI作品偏见的理论，理论是「观赏艺术获得乐趣，部分源自作品背后的创作过程」

然后JK的结论是「人们认为，创作一件作品，需要的时间和努力越多，观赏作品是获得的愉悦感就越多」

这里问题来了，到底JK是挺PB还是骂PB呢？意思上来看，好像没有质疑啊

这里有个关键的连接词，meanwhile。这个连接词的主要呈现出并列关系，如「A很好，meanwhile，B也很不错」，同时可以呈现出递进的意思，如「A很好，meanwhile，B也很不错，甚至比A还好」。如果要表示转折的话，不应该用meanwhile，而应该用However，如「A很好，however，B才是最好的」。这么想的话，那JK就没有对PB提出质疑。我还是决定Q40填No

对答案

Question	填写	正确与否	正确答案
27	B	√
28	D	×	C
29	C	√
30	D	√
31	A	√
32	D	√
33	A	√
34	E	√
35	C	√
36	G	√
37	B	√
38	Yes	√
39	Not Given	√
40	No	√

错题分析

Q28（正确答案：C | 我的答案：D）

According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?
A. It is aesthetically inferior to human art.
B. It may ultimately supersede human art.
C. It undermines a fundamental human quality.
D. It will lead to a deterioration in human ability.

选项A：AI艺术美学不如人类艺术，没提到
选项B：AI艺术远超人类艺术，没提到
选项C：AI艺术破坏人类一种基本的质量，有点沾边，但原文是take something special away，而不是破坏
选项D：AI艺术会导致人类能力的退化，同上，创造力被take away了，也就是这项能力退化了，就是它了

分析：

首先：搞清楚ability和quality的区别。

ability:

1. power or capacity to do or act physically, mentally, legally, morally, financially, etc.
2. competence in an activity or occupation because of one's skill, training, or other qualification:

quality:

1. an essential or distinctive characteristic, property, or attribute
2. character or nature, as belonging to or distinguishing a thing

从词义来看，quality指的是一种特质，如创造力...... ability指的是能力/胜任力等

其实我觉的undermine和deteriorate都差不多，

undermine
to injure or destroy by insidious activity or imperceptible stages, sometimes tending toward a suddendramatic effect.

deteriorate
to make or become worse or inferior in character, quality, value, etc.

算了，感觉这题错就错了吧，不管了......
佛系一点好

统计分析

C13 Test1完成了
Passege 1: 13/13
Passage 2: 14/14
Passage 3: 13/14
总计：39/40
超出预期了