第076句:工农业效率

Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

译文：再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业效率直接相关，而效率的提高则有赖于各类科学家和技术专家的努力。

点睛：该句中it是句子的形式主语，真正的主语是两个由that引导的并列的主语从句。第二个逗号后的this指代的是第一个主语从句中的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry.be bound up with意为“与…紧密相关”。in tum此处意为“反之，反过来”。rest upon意为“依赖于”。

考点归纳：与名词turn相关的常见短语还有：

• be one’s turn( to do sth.) 轮到某人（做某事）
  It’s your turn to read the article.
  轮到你念文章了。

• on the turn在转变之中
  Maybe my luck is on the turn.
  也许我要转运了。

• by turns依次，轮流地
  That night you were silly,witty and mournful by turns.
  那天晚上，你先是傻乎乎的，然后变得很风趣，最后又悲伤起来。

第077句:社会压力

Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modem means of transport.

译文：新的社会压力可能会由于人口爆炸或大规模人口迁移而出现，而现代交通工具使得这种人口迁移变得比较容易。

点睛：该句的主干是additional social stresses may occur...。because of引导的是句子的原因状语，其中现在分词短语arising from...作problems的后置定语。破折号后的内容是对mass migration movements的解释说明，其中themselves指代的就是migration movements。modern means of transport意为“现代交通工具”。

考点归纳：arise、arouse、raise和rise的区别如下：

• arise是不及物动词，意为“出现，呈现”，常与介词from连用。
  As we sped down the highway, the lights of the city arose before us，
  我们在公路上疾驰时，城市的灯光映入眼帘。

• arouse是及物动词，意为“引起，激起”。
  Such behavior may arouse the interest of others.
  这样的行为可能会引起别人的兴趣。

• raise是及物动词，意为“提高；抚养”。
  The government tried to raise taxes.
  政府试图提高税收。
  Mary was born and raised a country girl.
  玛丽是在农村出生和长大的女孩。

• rise是不及物动词，意为“增加，上升”。
  House prices are likely to rise this year.
  今年房价可能会上涨。

第078句:补考

Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

译文：如果你当时解释说你的父母那时都生病了，数学老师就会愿意让你补考的。

点睛：本句是省略if的虚拟条件句，助动词had前置构成了倒装。条件状语从句采用了过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设，主句的谓语部分相应地采用了would have done的形式。

考点归纳：虚拟语气表示一种假想或主观愿望，一般有以下几种情况：

• 用动词原形表虚拟。
  God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。

• 用过去时表虚拟，表示与现在事实相反；若谓语为系动词be则一律用were。
  If only l were not so nervous.
  我要是不那么紧张就好了。

• 用过去完成时表虚拟，表示与过去事实相反。
  1 wish I hadn't done so.
  真希望我当时没那样做。

第79期:媒体公司

Were the New York Times Co. to purchase another major media company, there is no doubt that it could dramatically transform a family-run enterprise that still gets 90% of its revenues from newspapers.

译文：如果纽约时报公司要收购另一家大型媒体公司，这将无疑使一个收入的90%都来自报纸的家族企业发生巨大的转变。

点睛：were...media company是省略if的虚拟条件从句的倒装形式，表示对现在事实的假设。No doubt意为“毫无疑问”。该句有两个that，第一个that引导的是同位语从句；第二个that引导的是以enterprise为先行词的定语从句。

考点归纳：doubt此处为名词，意为“怀疑”，与其相关的常见搭配还有：

• be in doubt不太有把握
  The future of our school is in doubt.
  我们学校的前途难以预料。

• be beyond doubt确定无疑
  I know your integrity is beyond doubt.
  我知道你的诚实是不用怀疑的。

• without doubt确实
  Lisa is without doubt the best singer in our class.
  莉萨确实是我们班里唱歌最好的。

第80期:穷人和富人

As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people, who in general are lighter skinned, there's going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.

译文：只要穷人和富人（也就是一般的有色人种和白色人种）之间存在矛盾，世界上的种族冲突就将持续存在。

点睛：该句是一个复合句。主句的谓语部分采用be going to do的形式，表示将来的概念。整句话包含有三个从句：as long as...引导的是条件状语从句，意为“只要…”；第一个who引导的是以poor people为先行词的定语从句；第二个who引导的是以richer people为先行词的定语从句。短语in conflict with意为“与…有冲突”。