Context创建过程解析

2020-03-04  本文已影响0人  Leon_hy

文章参考《Android进阶解密》一书

一、概述

Context也就是上下文对象,是Android的常用类,Android四大组件都会涉及到Context,比如我们启动Service会调用ContextWrapper以及ContextImpl的startService方法,ContextWrapper以及ContextImpl就是Context的关联类。

二、Context的关联类

Context意为上下文,是一个应用程序环境信息的接口。在我们使用时一般分为两种:

Activity、Service、Application都间接地继承自Context,因此我们可以计算出一个应用程序的Context数量,等于Activity和Service的数量加1,1指的是Application数量。

Context是一个抽象类,它的内部定义了很多方法以及静态常量,它的具体实现类为ContextImpl。和Context相关联的类,除了ContextImpl,还有ContextWrapper、ContextThemeWrapper和Activity等,如下图:


image.png

从上图可以看出ContextWrapper、Context继承自Context,ContextWrapper内部包含Context类型的mBase对象,mBase对象只想ContextImpl.ContextImpl提供了很多功能,ContextWrapper是一个装饰类,对ContextImpl进行包装,ContextWrapper主要是起到了方法传递的功能,ContextWrapper几乎所有的方法都是调用ContextImpl的相应方法实现的。ContextThemeWrapper、Activity、Service都继承自ContextWrapper,这样它们就可以通过mBase使用Context的功能了。Activity有主题的相关设置,所以继承了ContextThemeWrapper里面有设置或者gettheme的方法。<br />Context的关联类采用了装饰模式,主要有以下优点:

下面我们来分别讲解一下个Context的创建过程。

三、Application Context的创建过程

调用getApplicationContext来获取全局的Application Context。应用程序启动完成后,应用程序就会有一个全局的Application Context。我们从应用程序的启动过程开始。<br />ActivityThread作为应用程序的主线程管理类,它会调用它的内部类ApplicationThread色scheduleLaunchActivity方法来启动Activity

 // we use token to identify this activity without having to send the
        // activity itself back to the activity manager. (matters more with ipc)
        @Override
        public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
                ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
                CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
                int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
                List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
                boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {

            updateProcessState(procState, false);

            ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();

            r.token = token;
            r.ident = ident;
            r.intent = intent;
            r.referrer = referrer;
            r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
            r.activityInfo = info;
            r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
            r.state = state;
            r.persistentState = persistentState;

            r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
            r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;

            r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
            r.isForward = isForward;

            r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;

            r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
            updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);

            sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
        }

应用启动以后启动Activity会通过Binder跨进程调用ActivityManagerService(AMS)里面,AMS里面持有ApplicationThread的IBinder引用,跨进程调用scheduleLaunchActivity方法,scheduleLaunchActivity最后通过Handler发送H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY消息,最后调用ActivityThread的handleLaunchActivity方法。

  private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
        // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
        // we are back active so skip it.
        unscheduleGcIdler();
        mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;

        if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
            mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
            mProfiler.startProfiling();
        }

        // Make sure we are running with the most recent config.
        handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);

        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
            TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);

        // Initialize before creating the activity
        WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();

        Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);

        if (a != null) {
            r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
            reportSizeConfigurations(r);
            Bundle oldState = r.state;
            handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
                    !r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
            ............
            }
        } else {
            // If there was an error, for any reason, tell the activity manager to stop us.
            try {
                ActivityManager.getService()
                    .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null,
                            Activity.DONT_FINISH_TASK_WITH_ACTIVITY);
            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
            }
        }
    }

然后调用performLaunchActivity方法

 private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
        // System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
        。。。。。。。
        try {
            Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
        。。。。。。。
        return activity;
    }

这里简化了一下代码,最后会调用ActivityClientRecord.packageInfo.makeApplication()

  public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
            Instrumentation instrumentation) {
        if (mApplication != null) {
            return mApplication;
        }

        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "makeApplication");

        Application app = null;

        String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
        if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
            appClass = "android.app.Application";
        }

        try {
            。。。。。。。
            ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
            app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                    cl, appClass, appContext);
            appContext.setOuterContext(app);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            。。。。。。。。
        }
        mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
        mApplication = app;

        if (instrumentation != null) {
            try {
                instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            。。。。。。。。。。。    
            }
        }
        return app;
    }

当mApplication不为null时,直接返回mApplication,如果第一次启动程序mApplication为null,通过ContextImpl.createAppContext来创建ContextImpl。mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication中传入参数ClassLoader和上面的ContextImpl对象创建Application,然后又将app赋值给ContextImpl的mOuterContext,这样COntext也持有Application的引用了,最后将Application赋值给LoadedApk的mApplication,mApplication就是Application类型的对象。下面的代码就是Application的创建方法:

  static public Application newApplication(Class<?> clazz, Context context)
            throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, 
            ClassNotFoundException {
        Application app = (Application)clazz.newInstance();
        app.attach(context);
        return app;
    }

这里是通过反射来创建Application,并调用了attach方法,将ContextImpl传进去,最后返回该Application。

 /**
     * @hide
     */
    /* package */ final void attach(Context context) {
        attachBaseContext(context);
        mLoadedApk = ContextImpl.getImpl(context).mPackageInfo;
    }

这里调用了attachBaseContext(context),在Application的父类ContextWrapper里面调用

  protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
        if (mBase != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Base context already set");
        }
        mBase = base;
    }

将ContextImpl赋值给mBase,ContextImpl也是Context的实现类,将ContextImpl赋值给ContextWrapper的mBase,这样ContextWrapper就可以用mBase调用Context里面的方法了,而Application继承自ContextWrapper,所以Application也可以调用Context里面的方法了。

四、Activity Context的创建过程

Activity的Context也是在performLaunchActivity方法创建的。

 private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
        // System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
     
       。。。。。。
        ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
        Activity activity = null;
        try {
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
            activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
            StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
            r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
            r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
            if (r.state != null) {
                r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to instantiate activity " + component
                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }

        try {
            Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);

            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
                    TAG, r + ": app=" + app
                    + ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
                    + ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
                    + ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
                    + ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());

            if (activity != null) {
                CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
                Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
                if (r.overrideConfig != null) {
                    config.updateFrom(r.overrideConfig);
                }
                if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
                        + r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
                Window window = null;
                if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) {
                    window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow;
                    r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null;
                    r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null;
                }
                appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
                activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
                        r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
                        r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
                        r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
            }
        }       
        return activity;
    }

首先通过 createBaseContextForActivity(r)创建ContextImpl实例appContext,将创建的Activity设置到ContextImpl的outContext,这样Context里面就可以访问Activity的变量和方法,最后Activity的attach方法,将ContextImpl对象传进去。这后面跟Application差不多,会在Activity的attach方法调用attachBaseContext(context)方法,将ContextImpl复制给ContextWrapper的mBase引用,Activity继承自ContextWrapper,这样Activity就可以调用Context里面的方法了。

五、Service Context的创建过程

Service的Context创建其实跟上面两个差不多,只不过是在Service类里面执行,此处就不过多叙述了。大家自己去看源码就可以了

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