使用Volley获取和设置cookie
2017-06-23 本文已影响469人
黄海佳
以前做APP项目的时候都是会带用户ID去验证信息，目前新的一个项目不用传用户ID，只需要带头信息的JSESSIONID就可以了。因为我这边用的网络工具是volley，它默认不会为你添加Cookie，所以在验证用户信息的时候回返回验证失败，大致的错误有两种提示：
-
onError:java.io.IOException: request failed , reponse's code is : 401
-
onErrorResponsecom.android.volley.AuthFailureError
关于volley源码什么的我就不想贴了 直接写解决办法：
**
* @创建 HaiJia
* @时间 2017/6/23 11:06
* @描述 Cookie的获取和保存
*/
public class CookieStringRequest extends StringRequest {
private static final String SET_COOKIE_KEY = "Set-Cookie";
private static final String COOKIE_KEY = "Cookie";
public CookieStringRequest(int method, String url,
Response.Listener<String> listener,
Response.ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, listener, errorListener);
}
@Override
protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
//return super.parseNetworkResponse(response);
String parsed;
try {
Map<String, String> headers=response.headers;
if(headers!=null&&headers.containsKey(SET_COOKIE_KEY)){
String cookie=headers.get(SET_COOKIE_KEY);
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(cookie)){
// TODO: 将cookie存到本地，如Sharepreference
LogUtils.log("headers:"+cookie);
GlobalConfig.Cookie = cookie;
}
}
parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
parsed = new String(response.data);
}
return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
}
@Override
public Map<String, String> getHeaders() throws AuthFailureError {
//return super.getHeaders();
Map<String, String> headers=super.getHeaders();
if(headers==null||headers.equals(Collections.emptyMap())){
headers=new HashMap<>();
}
// TODO: 从本地获取到cookie，并把cookie添加到header中
headers.put(COOKIE_KEY,GlobalConfig.Cookie);
return headers;
}
}
对于后台返回一个cookie的话是够用了，如果你们还需要返回多个cookie就需要修改HurlStack源码了
public class HurlStack implements HttpStack {
......
@Override
public HttpResponse performRequest(Request<?> request, Map<String, String> additionalHeaders)
throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
......
for (Entry<String, List<String>> header : connection.getHeaderFields().entrySet()) {
if (header.getKey() != null) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
//获取一个key中的所有value
for(int i=0;i<header.getValue().size();i++){
builder.append(header.getValue().get(i));
}
Header h = new BasicHeader(header.getKey(),builder.toString());
response.addHeader(h);
}
}
return response;
}
}
修改完当我们使用StringRequest或其他Request时，只要重写parseNetworkResponse方法获取Cookie信息即可，同时还需要注意下此时返回的数据格式，是所有Cookie连在一起的字符串，使用的时候按规则解析一下即可。
方案二：使用Java提供的CookieManager和自定义的CookieStore进行设置
首先实现一个自定义的AppCookieStore类，它实现自CookieStore接口，在这个接口里进行我们App的本地持久化和获取操作，供Java自定调用，具体的实现网上有很多示例，下面给出伪代码：
public class AppCookieStore implements CookieStore{
@Override
public void add(URI uri, HttpCookie httpCookie) {
}
@Override
public List<HttpCookie> get(URI uri) {
return null;
}
@Override
public List<HttpCookie> getCookies() {
return null;
}
@Override
public List<URI> getURIs() {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean remove(URI uri, HttpCookie httpCookie) {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean removeAll() {
return false;
}
}
接着在我们的网络请求之前调用以下代码，就可以将自定义的CookieStore设置到CookieManager中：
CookieManager cookieManager=new java.net.CookieManager(new AppCookieStore(), CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ALL);
CookieHandler.setDefault(cookieManager);
CookieManager会在之后的Http请求中自动帮我们处理response中的Cookie，当然我们也可以把它写在Application的onCreate中。
在请求的时候和方案一类似，在自定义Request对象的getHeaders方法中传入我们需要的Coockies即可
@Override
public Map<String, String> getHeaders() throws AuthFailureError {
Map<String, String> headers = super.getHeaders();
if (headers == null || headers.equals(Collections.emptyMap())) {
headers = new HashMap<>();
}
// 获取之前创建的CookieManager对象，调用getCookieStore方法拿到HttpCookie列表
CookieManager cookieManager = getCookieManager();
List<HttpCookie> httpCookies = cookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies();
StringBuilder cookieBuilder = new StringBuilder();
String divider = "";
for (HttpCookie cookie : httpCookies) {
cookieBuilder.append(divider);
divider = ";";
cookieBuilder.append(cookie.getName());
cookieBuilder.append("=");
cookieBuilder.append(cookie.getValue());
}
String cookieString = cookieBuilder.toString();
headers.put(COOKIE_KEY, cookieString);
return headers;
//return super.getHeaders();
}
Https设置
Https简单的理解就是http+ssl，ssl即安全套接层，使用Https加密前我们需要准备ssl证书文件（crt、cet、pem格式等），其实Volley是可以支持Https的，但是源码中并未启用，我们可以看一下HurlStack这个类：
public class HurlStack implements HttpStack {
......
public HurlStack() {
this(null);
}
public HurlStack(UrlRewriter urlRewriter) {
this(urlRewriter, null);
}
public HurlStack(UrlRewriter urlRewriter, SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory) {
mUrlRewriter = urlRewriter;
mSslSocketFactory = sslSocketFactory;
}
......
}
HurlStack(UrlRewriter urlRewriter, SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory)这个构造方法仅为HurlStack(UrlRewriter urlRewriter)所调用，并传入了一个null的SSLSocketFactory，所以，知道了问题的根源，我们只要创建HurlStack对象的时候调用第三个构造函数，并传入相应的SSLSocketFactory对象即可。
这里给出一个网上写好的示例，替换掉原有源码里的Volley类：
public class Volley {
/**
* Default on-disk cache directory.
*/
private static final String DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR = "volley";
private static BasicNetwork network;
private static RequestQueue queue;
private Context mContext;
/**
* Creates a default instance of the worker pool and calls
* {@link RequestQueue#start()} on it.
*
* @param context A {@link Context} to use for creating the cache dir.
* @param stack An {@link HttpStack} to use for the network, or null for
* default.
* @return A started {@link RequestQueue} instance.
*/
public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context,
HttpStack stack, boolean selfSignedCertificate, int rawId) {
File cacheDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR);
String userAgent = "volley/0";
try {
String packageName = context.getPackageName();
PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(
packageName, 0);
userAgent = packageName + "/" + info.versionCode;
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
}
if (stack == null) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
if (selfSignedCertificate) {
stack = new HurlStack(null, buildSSLSocketFactory(context,
rawId));
} else {
stack = new HurlStack();
}
} else {
// Prior to Gingerbread, HttpUrlConnection was unreliable.
// See:
// http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/09/androids-http-clients.html
if (selfSignedCertificate)
stack = new HttpClientStack(getHttpClient(context, rawId));
else {
stack = new HttpClientStack(
AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent));
}
}
}
if (network == null) {
network = new BasicNetwork(stack);
}
if (queue == null) {
queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir),network);
}
queue.start();
return queue;
}
/**
* Creates a default instance of the worker pool and calls
* {@link RequestQueue#start()} on it.
*
* @param context A {@link Context} to use for creating the cache dir.
* @return A started {@link RequestQueue} instance.
*/
public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context) {
// 如果你目前还没有证书,那么先用下面的这行代码,http可以照常使用.
// return newRequestQueue(context, null, false, 0);
// 此处R.raw.certificateName 表示你的证书文件,替换为自己证书文件名字就好
return newRequestQueue(context, null, true, R.raw.certificateName);
}
private static SSLSocketFactory buildSSLSocketFactory(Context context,
int certRawResId) {
KeyStore keyStore = null;
try {
keyStore = buildKeyStore(context, certRawResId);
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
TrustManagerFactory tmf = null;
try {
tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);
tmf.init(keyStore);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
SSLContext sslContext = null;
try {
sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
sslContext.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
}
private static HttpClient getHttpClient(Context context, int certRawResId) {
KeyStore keyStore = null;
try {
keyStore = buildKeyStore(context, certRawResId);
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (keyStore != null) {
}
org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = null;
try {
sslSocketFactory = new org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory(
keyStore);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
SchemeRegistry schemeRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory
.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schemeRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", sslSocketFactory, 443));
ThreadSafeClientConnManager cm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(
params, schemeRegistry);
return new DefaultHttpClient(cm, params);
}
private static KeyStore buildKeyStore(Context context, int certRawResId)
throws KeyStoreException, CertificateException,
NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
keyStore.load(null, null);
Certificate cert = readCert(context, certRawResId);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", cert);
return keyStore;
}
private static Certificate readCert(Context context, int certResourceID) {
InputStream inputStream = context.getResources().openRawResource(
certResourceID);
Certificate ca = null;
CertificateFactory cf = null;
try {
cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
ca = cf.generateCertificate(inputStream);
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ca;
}
}
在项目新建raw文件夹，然后将SSL证书拷贝放到该目录，修改Volley的newRequestQueue方法即可。另外，由于在Android API 23中已经废弃了HttpClient，如果你的项目compileSdkVersion>=23，使用上述Volley源码时需降级编译。
