HashMap 源码阅读

2020-04-18  本文已影响0人  莱布尼茨不会求导
HashMap 在 java map 中的继承关系
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  1. 底层存储结构: Node 类型数组


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  2. 存储数据的 node 节点

static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final int hash;
        final K key;
        V value;
        Node<K,V> next; // 解决 hash 冲突

        Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public final K getKey()        { return key; }
        public final V getValue()      { return value; }
        public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }

        public final int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
        }

        public final V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = value;
            value = newValue;
            return oldValue;
        }

        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this)
                return true;
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
                if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
                    Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
  1. 初始容量及其相关参数

    • 默认容量为 capacity = 16, static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
    • 负载系数: loadFactor = 0.75, static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
    • 负载极限: threshold=capacity*loadFactor
  1. 如何扩容 resize
 final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
        Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
        int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
        int oldThr = threshold;
        int newCap, newThr = 0;
        if (oldCap > 0) { // double size
            if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
                threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                return oldTab; // 无法扩容
            }
            else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                     oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
                newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold and cap
        }
        else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
            newCap = oldThr;
        else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
            newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
            newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
        }
        if (newThr == 0) {
            float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
            newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                      (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        }
        threshold = newThr;
        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
        Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
        table = newTab; // 实际扩容操作,复制旧的数据到新的数组上
        if (oldTab != null) {
            for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
                Node<K,V> e;
                if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                    oldTab[j] = null;
                    if (e.next == null)
                        newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e; // 该节点不存在 hash 冲突, 赋值
                    else if (e instanceof TreeNode) // 判断是否为 TreeNode, 进行 split 处理
                        ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                    else { // preserve order
                        Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                        Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                        Node<K,V> next;
                        do {
                            next = e.next;
                            if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                                if (loTail == null)
                                    loHead = e;
                                else
                                    loTail.next = e;
                                loTail = e;
                            }
                            else {
                                if (hiTail == null)
                                    hiHead = e;
                                else
                                    hiTail.next = e;
                                hiTail = e;
                            }
                        } while ((e = next) != null);
                        if (loTail != null) {
                            loTail.next = null;
                            newTab[j] = loHead;
                        }
                        if (hiTail != null) {
                            hiTail.next = null;
                            newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return newTab;
    }
  1. resize 如何处理 TreeNode 类型节点

  2. put 方法解析

public V put(K key, V value) {
    return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}

final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
                   boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
    // table未初始化或者长度为0,进行扩容
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
    // (n - 1) & hash 确定元素存放在哪个桶中,桶为空,新生成结点放入桶中(此时,这个结点是放在数组中)
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
    // 桶中已经存在元素
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        // 比较桶中第一个元素(数组中的结点)的hash值相等,key相等
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                // 将第一个元素赋值给e,用e来记录
                e = p;
        // hash值不相等,即key不相等;为红黑树结点
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            // 放入树中
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
        // 为链表结点
        else {
            // 在链表最末插入结点
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                // 到达链表的尾部
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    // 在尾部插入新结点
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                    // 结点数量达到阈值,转化为红黑树
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    // 跳出循环
                    break;
                }
                // 判断链表中结点的key值与插入的元素的key值是否相等
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    // 相等,跳出循环
                    break;
                // 用于遍历桶中的链表,与前面的e = p.next组合,可以遍历链表
                p = e;
            }
        }
        // 表示在桶中找到key值、hash值与插入元素相等的结点
        if (e != null) { 
            // 记录e的value
            V oldValue = e.value;
            // onlyIfAbsent为false或者旧值为null
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                //用新值替换旧值
                e.value = value;
            // 访问后回调
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            // 返回旧值
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    // 结构性修改
    ++modCount;
    // 实际大小大于阈值则扩容
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
    // 插入后回调
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}
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