接入HTTPS，给网站加一把绿色小锁
2016-12-26 本文已影响967人
吴彦欣
什么是HTTPS
关于HTTPS的概念，在《全站HTTPS来了》这篇文章已经有非常全面的描述，推荐细读。
Let's Encrypt
最近突然想把自己的博客弄成HTTPS，也不是为了加强安全，只是喜欢折腾，而且感觉加个绿色小锁酷酷的。
HTTPS免费证书颁发机构有startSSL和letsencrypt，我使用的是letsencrypt。
安装certbot
Letsencrypt官方建议使用certbot作为ACME客户端。
我使用的是Nginx + CentOS 6
通过脚本安装certbot-auto：
wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
chmod a+x certbot-auto
如果你使用的python版本是2.6的，那么你需要升级到2.7，至于升级方法请自行谷歌
配置
最开始我尝试用certbot推荐的方法进行配置，结果老是注册失败。
后来找到了Nginx介绍的配置方法（也就是下面讲到的方法）就OK了。
1. 创建配置文件
/etc/letsencrypt/configs/wuyanxin.com.conf
# the domain we want to get the cert for;
# technically it's possible to have multiple of this lines, but it only worked
# with one domain for me, another one only got one cert, so I would recommend
# separate config files per domain.
domains = wuyanxin.com
# increase key size
rsa-key-size = 2048 # Or 4096
# the current closed beta (as of 2015-Nov-07) is using this server
server = https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
# this address will receive renewal reminders
email = your-email
# turn off the ncurses UI, we want this to be run as a cronjob
text = True
# authenticate by placing a file in the webroot (under .well-known/acme-challenge/)
# and then letting LE fetch it
authenticator = webroot
webroot-path = /data/www/wuyanxin.com/
2. 配置nginx,让Let's Encrypt可以访问到临时文件
加上这个location到你的nginx配置中
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name wuyanxin.com;
location /.well-known/acme-challenge {
root /data/www/wuyanxin.com;
}
...
}
验证配置，重启nginx
$ sudo nginx -t && sudo nginx -s reload
3. 请求证书
$ ./certbot-auto --config /etc/letsencrypt/configs/wuyanxin.com.conf certonly
Updating letsencrypt and virtual environment dependencies......
Requesting root privileges to run with virtualenv: /root/.local/share/letsencrypt/bin/letsencrypt --config /etc/letsencrypt/configs/wuyanxin.com.conf certonly
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at
/etc/letsencrypt/live/wuyanxin.com/fullchain.pem. Your cert
will expire on date. To obtain a new version of the
certificate in the future, simply run Let's Encrypt again.
...
4. 配置nginx 443端口指向证书
server {
listen 443 ssl default_server;
server_name wuyanxin.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/wuyanxin.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/wuyanxin.com/privkey.pem;
...
}
配置http跳转到https
server {
listen 80;
server_name wuyanxin.com;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
重启Nginx
$ sudo nginx -t && sudo nginx -s reload
自动刷新证书
Let's encrypt 的证书有效期是90天，所以我们应该在过期之前刷新证书。
- 准备如下脚本，保存到
renew_letsencrypt.sh
#!/bin/sh
cd /opt/letsencrypt/
./certbot certonly --config /etc/letsencrypt/configs/my-domain.conf
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
ERRORLOG=`tail /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log`
echo -e "The Let's Encrypt cert has not been renewed! \n \n" \
$ERRORLOG
else
nginx -s reload
fi
exit 0
- 如果
/var/log/letsencrypt/不存在就先创建 - 允许
crontab -e设置每两个月刷新一次
0 0 1 JAN,MAR,MAY,JUL,SEP,NOV * /path/to/renew-letsencrypt.sh
总结
给自己的网站加上一把绿色小锁就是这么简单，这是我自己为网站上https时候的记录，有问题欢迎反馈。
另外，很多国内网站可能会接入“多说”的评论，因为多说评论使用的第三方头像为http的，这会导致你页面上的绿色小锁变成灰色。
不过已经有人提出了解决方案，参考这两篇文章：
