Gradle个人见解

2018-10-17  本文已影响17人  王怀智

AS -Terminal

如果在输入台中报错: 'adb' /'gradle' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

  1. 首先找到adb.exe以及gradle的安装路径。

    • adb-> D:\Android\SDK\platform-tools

    • gradle->C:\gradle-4.4-all\gradle-4.4\bin

  2. 然后打开计算机的环境变量设置

    • 在path中添加adb的路径变量

    • 新建GRADLE_HOME，然后输入gradle路径变量

  3. 测试是否成功

    • 在cmd命令中输入adb->Enter->出现adb的版本号以及他的安装路径则表示成功

    • 在cmd命令中输入gradle ->Enter->Welcome to Gradle 4.4则表示成功

    • 或者输入gradle -v 则会显示当前的JVM版本和Gradle版本

  1. gradle命令介绍

    • 当运行gradle命令时，它会在当前目录下寻找build.gradle文件为构建脚本。** build.gradle其实是一个构建配置脚本 **
    task hello{
    doLast{
        println 'Hello Gradle!'
    }
}

    然后在该目录下执行 gradle -q hello

    -q 控制gradle的日志级别，可以保证只输出我们需要的内容。

    • 执行脚本
    ->gradle -q hello
Hello Gradle!
    • Gradle Java构建
    apply plugin: 'java'

    可以运行gradle tasks列出任务列表，可以方便查看     java插件给我们提供了那些任务。

    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

运行gradle tasks后
Android tasks

AS-ProjectTasks

Android tasks
-------------

androidDependencies - Displays the Android dependencies of the project.显示项目的依赖情况
signingReport - Displays the signing info for each variant.显示每个变体的签名信息
sourceSets - Prints out all the source sets defined in this project.打印项目中定义的所有源集

Build tasks
-----------
assemble - Assembles all variants of all applications and secondary packages.汇编所有应用程序和辅助包的所有变体
assembleAndroidTest - Assembles all the Test applications.组装所有的测试应用程序。
assembleDebug - Assembles all Debug builds. 组装所有调试构建
assembleRelease - Assembles all Release builds.组装所有的正式构建
build - Assembles and tests this project.组装和测试这个项目
buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it.组装和测试这个项目以及所有依赖于它的项目。
buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on.组装和测试这个项目以及它所依赖的所有项目。
clean - Deletes the build directory.删除这个build文件
cleanBuildCache - Deletes the build cache directory.删除build缓存文件
compileDebugAndroidTestSources
compileDebugSources
compileDebugUnitTestSources
compileReleaseSources
compileReleaseUnitTestSources
mockableAndroidJar - Creates a version of android.jar that's suitable for unit tests.创建一个android版本，适用于测试

Help tasks
----------
buildEnvironment(构建环境) - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in project ':app'.显示项目':app'中声明的所有构建脚本依赖项。
components - Displays the components produced by project ':app'. [incubating]显示app制作的组件
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in project ':app'.显示项目':app'中声明的所有依赖项。
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in project ':app'.显示对项目':app'中特定依赖项的洞察。
dependentComponents - Displays the dependent components of components in project ':app'. 在项目“:app”中显示组件的依赖组件[incubating]
help - Displays a help message.
model - Displays the configuration model of project ':app'. [incubating]显示项目app的配置
projects - Displays the sub-projects of project ':app'.显示项目
properties - Displays the properties of project ':app'.显示属性
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from project ':app'.可以运行的tasks

Install tasks
-------------
installDebug - Installs the Debug build.
installDebugAndroidTest - Installs the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
installRelease - Installs the Release build.
uninstallAll - Uninstall all applications.
uninstallDebug - Uninstalls the Debug build.
uninstallDebugAndroidTest - Uninstalls the android (on device) tests for the Debug build.
uninstallRelease - Uninstalls the Release build.

Verification tasks 验证
------------------
check - Runs all checks.
connectedAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests for all flavors on connected devices.
connectedCheck - Runs all device checks on currently connected devices.在当前连接的设备上运行所有设备检查
connectedDebugAndroidTest - Installs and runs the tests for debug on connected devices.
deviceAndroidTest - Installs and runs instrumentation tests using all Device Providers.
deviceCheck - Runs all device checks using Device Providers and Test Servers.使用设备提供程序和测试服务器运行所有设备检查
lint - Runs lint on all variants.在所有变体上运行lint。
lintDebug - Runs lint on the Debug build.
lintRelease - Runs lint on the Release build.
lintVitalRelease - Runs lint on just the fatal issues in the release build.
test - Run unit tests for all variants.
testDebugUnitTest - Run unit tests for the debug build.
testReleaseUnitTest - Run unit tests for the release build.

AS-Gradle番外篇

1.当执行gradle sourceSets之后...

build.gradle name: android.sourceSets.androidTest
Java sources : [app\src\androidTest\java]
Manifest file : app\src\androidTest\AndroidManifest.xml
Android resources : [app\src\androidTest\res]
Assets : [app\src\androidTest\assets]
AIDL sources : [app\src\androidTest\aidl]
RenderScript sources :    [app\src\androidTest\rs]
JNI sources : [app\src\androidTest\jni]
JNI libraries : [app\src\androidTest\jniLibs]
Java-style resources : [app\src\androidTest\resources]

  1. 当执行完gradle signingReport...

     Variant(变体):debug /release
 Config: debug /release
 Store(存储):..\jksfile\debug.jks
 Alias(别名):whzdebug
 MD5 : AA:1F:8D:7C:A5:09:6D:E4:86:5F:4D:FA:9B:D9:13:CE
 SHA1(**可以查看,正式跟debug还是有区别的**)：BF:A7:91:E7:55:A2:D2:86:E6:25:B0:39:7C:60:B8:EA:2D:E8:34:25
 Valid until(有效期):2043年10月9日 星期五

  2. 当执行完gradle build...

     Ran lint on variant debug: 17 issues found（17个问题被发现）
 Ran lint on variant release: 17 issues found
 Wrote HTML report to     file:///D:/AndroidStudioProjects/DevelopmentTest/app/build/reports/lint-results.html(打开这个网址可以在线查看信息)
 Wrote XML report to file:///D:/AndroidStudioProjects/DevelopmentTest/app/build/reports/lint-results.xml

  3. 当执行完gradle clean 将删除build文件夹下所有内容

  4. 执行gradle cleanBuildCache 删除build文件夹下的缓存

  5. 执行gradle assembleDebug/assembleRelease完之后...

     编译apk,适用于多渠道打包时
 生成文件:
 app/build/outputs/apk/xx/debug+release
 apk文件显示为app-xiaomi-debug.apk
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