GNU C LIB

mcheck 函数使用(glibc-3-内存)

2018-04-21  本文已影响0人  YBHello

1-函数格式:

       #include <mcheck.h>

       int mcheck(void (*abortfunc)(enum mcheck_status mstatus));

调用该函数后,后续的内存分配、释放都将进行内存的连续性检查,并在内存连续性检查失败后,调用 abortfunc函数,如果abortfunc使用NULL,则使用默认行为:打印错误信息并调用abort()退出。

2-范例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mcheck.h> // mcheck 功能函数头文件
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>

/** @brief: 检查到内存不一致之后,程序退出之前被调用  */
void abortfun(enum mcheck_status mstatus)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "abortfun called with %d\n", mstatus);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char *p = NULL;

        if (mcheck(abortfun) != 0)  // 注册 mcheck 内存检查功能
        {
                fprintf(stderr, "mcheck:%s\n", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }


        p = malloc(10);

        free(p);
        printf("1st free finished.\n");

        free(p); // 第二次,p 指向的内存已经被释放,会被检查到,将会调用 \abortfunc

        printf("2nd free\n");

        return 0;
}

编译:
$ gcc mcheck.c

运行结果:

$ ./a.out
1st free finished.
abortfun called with 1
*** Error in `./a.out': double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x00000000025df030 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
...
./a.out[0x400669]
======= Memory map: ========
...
已放弃(吐核)

3-主动探测 mprobe

函数格式:

       #include <mcheck.h>

       enum mcheck_status mprobe(void *ptr);

返回值:

/* Return values for `mprobe': these are the kinds of inconsistencies that
   `mcheck' enables detection of.  */
enum mcheck_status
  {
    MCHECK_DISABLED = -1,       /* Consistency checking is not turned on.  */
    MCHECK_OK,                  /* Block is fine.  */
    MCHECK_FREE,                /* Block freed twice.  */
    MCHECK_HEAD,                /* Memory before the block was clobbered.  */
    MCHECK_TAIL                 /* Memory after the block was clobbered.  */
  };

范例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mcheck.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>

void abortfun(enum mcheck_status mstatus)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "abortfun called with %d\n", mstatus);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        char *p = NULL;
        enum mcheck_status mstatus;

        if (mcheck(abortfun) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, "mcheck:%s\n", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        p = malloc(10);


        mstatus = mprobe(p);
        printf("status:%d\n", mstatus);

        mstatus = mprobe(p + 1);
        printf("status:%d\n", mstatus);

        return 0;
} 

编译:
$ gcc mcheck.c

运行结果:

$ ./a.out
status:0
abortfun called with 2
status:2
abortfun called with 2
status:2

从运行结果来看,每次检查到 mprobe 检查到异常,并在返回前,都会调用 mcheck 注册的 abortfun。

4-自动开启检查 -lmcheck

对于已经有的代码,没有 mcheck 调用,期望使用 mcheck 功能,可以在编译的时候,直接连接 mcheck 自动开启内存连续性检查。

范例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        char *p = NULL;

        p = malloc(10);
        free(p);
        free(p);
        return 0;
}

编译:
$ gcc mcheck.c -lmcheck

运行结果:

$ ./a.out
block freed twice
已放弃(吐核)

5-小陷阱

奇怪的想法:如果我调用了 mcheck 函数,链接的时候又添加了 -lmcheck 选项,结果或怎样?

示例代码(之前的 mprobe 代码):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mcheck.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>


void abortfun(enum mcheck_status mstatus)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "abortfun called with %d\n", mstatus);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        char *p = NULL;
        enum mcheck_status mstatus;

        if (mcheck(abortfun) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, "mcheck:%s\n", strerror(errno));
                return -1;
        }

        p = malloc(10);


        mstatus = mprobe(p);
        printf("status:%d\n", mstatus);

        mstatus = mprobe(p + 1);
        printf("status:%d\n", mstatus);

        return 0;
}

编译:
$ gcc mcheck.c -lmcheck

运行(卡很久):

$ ./a.out
段错误(吐核)

挂了,追踪可以发现,挂在 malloc,而卡很久是因为不断调用 mallochook。从此信息可以推断:mcheck 也是通过使用设置 malloc 等的回调函数来进行内存检查的,而内存是由 glibc 维护的,所以它能检查出来这个指针释放合法。

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