16th Jan 英国文学复习总结
Part I The Middle Ages
Chapter 1 - Beowulf
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Pagan Poetry(非基督教的) Christian Peotry secular(世俗的) religious oral sagas(传说) biblical story(圣经故事) English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.
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Beowulf
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The earliest examples of English literature
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England's national epic
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deeds of the Teutonic(Germanic) hero Beowulf
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Theme: primitive people** wage heroic struggle against hostile force of the natural word under a wise and mighty leader.An example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.
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Literary features
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Alliteration(押头韵)
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Compound-words(代名词, 与metaphor类似)
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Understatement(低调陈述)
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mixture of [Nature myths & Heroic legends / Pagan & Christian]
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Characters
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Grendel - monster
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Hrothgar - the King of Danes
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Chapter 2
Chapter 3 Chaucer & Canterbury Tales
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Father of English poetry
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One of the greatest narrative poets
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The first in the Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey
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Literary Career
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The French Period (宫廷)
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The book of the Duchess 公爵夫人之书
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The Romance of the Rose 玫瑰传奇
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The Italian Career (神学)
- Troilus and Criseyde
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The English Career (平民)
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The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集
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1 general prologue32 pilgrims 朝圣者24 tales
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a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from London to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.
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Pilgrims(Characters)[图片上传失败...(image-3e8ae9-1516409948608)]
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Rhyme 尾韵Heroic Couplet 英雄双韵体AA BB CC DD
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Rhythm节奏**Iambic Pentameter 抑扬格五音步
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Chapter 4
Part II The Renaissance
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A time of renewed interest in things of this world
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Manifestation(表现) - Humanism
Concerned with human interests and values
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Renaissance Man
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successful in business, well-mannered, educated, athletic, brave
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The goal of education became making people well-rounded
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The authority and power of church and religion wes questioned
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Symbols
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The Gutenberg Bible
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Copernicus 哥白尼
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Niccolo Machiavellie - The Prince 君主论
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Desiderius Erasmus 教育家
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Reformation of religion - Edward VI, Mary I, Queen Elizabeth
Financial corruption, abuse of power, immorality
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Main characters
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Da Vinci
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Shakespear
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Chapter 5 Williams Shakespare**
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A great humanist, poet
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produced 37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems
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Apprenticeship - Histories and comedies
- Romeo and Juliet
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Mature period - Love
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As You Like It 皆大欢喜
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Mid-summer Night's Dream
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Twelfth Night
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The Merchant of Venice - Justice & Law & Mercy
求婚 -> 私奔 -> 戒指 -> 法庭 (give & take)
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Bassanio - Fortune hunter, Prodigal son 浪子
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Portia - Celebrated beauty
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Antonio - the Merchant
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Shylock - the Usurer 高利贷者
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Flourishing Period - Gllom and Depression
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Hamlet
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Othello
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King Lear
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Macbeth
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The fourth Period - Dramatic romances, unrealistic, fantasy
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Cymbeline, King of Britain 辛白林
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The Winter's Tale
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The Tempest 暴风雨
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The Life of King Henry VIII
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Sonnets
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Love, beauty, politics, mortality(死亡)
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Metre 格律
Iambic Pentametre 五步抑扬格
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Rhyme 韵律
abab cdcd efef gg
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Writing Style
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Borrowed plot - Ancient Greek & Roman sources
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Irony 反讽
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Disguise 变装
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Creation of new words and Distortion(扭曲) of old meaning
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Chapter 6 Bacon
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Of Truth
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Of Studies
Part III The Period of Revolution and Restoration(复辟)
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Puritan influence
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the Mryaphysical School(玄学派)
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the Cavalier poets(保皇派)
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French influence - the rhymed couplets
Chapter 7 John Donne
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the Founder of Mryaphysical School(玄学派)
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Love -> Holy
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A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 道别词·莫悲伤
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World View
world is sick and every beautiful things has gone.
We are all waiting for final dissolution.
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Style
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Conceits 自负
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emotion & intellect -> wit 巧智
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Imagery 意象
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Dramatic & Conversational
A central Speaker
Conveyed by conversations
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cynicism 愤世嫉俗
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realism
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frankness
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Chapter 8 John Milton
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the Puritan Poets
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Paradise Lost 失乐园
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the heroic revolt(反抗) against God's authority
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Satan's rebellion against God & the expulsion(驱逐) of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden
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Chapter 9 John Bunyan - The Pilgrim's Progress(天路历程)
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the Puritan Poets
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Religious allegory(宗教寓言)
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带有寓言性质的人名地名
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the Celestial City - an ideal happy society
Vanity Fair - the English sociery after the Restoration
Life - Difficult path
Human - Pilgrims
Seek of salvation - Get rid of sufferings and Pursue future
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Part IV The Age of Enlightment 启蒙运动
18th Britain & today's China
- Commercial society
- Industrial Revolution
- Spiritual and psychological problems
- self-fashioning
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New genre -> Novel
Individualism, realism, relied on allegory
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Background
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The rise of educated middle class
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The spread of the printing press
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Economic basis
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Chapter 10 Daniel Defoe & Robinson Crusoe
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The true symbol of the British conquest & a colonizetion myth
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A pilgrim
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A good Puritan Christian
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Cultural influences
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Chapter 11 Jonathan Swift
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A Modest Proposal 一个温和的建议
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Gulliver's Travel 格列佛游记
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Part 1 - A Voyage to Lilliput 小人国
Part 2 - A Voyage to Brobdingnag 大人国
Part 3 - A Voyage to Laputa etc. 飞岛
Part 4 - A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms 慧骃国
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Biting(辛辣的) work of political and social satire(讽刺) of England and Iceland in 18th century
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ridicules academics, scientosts, and enlightment thinkers
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What's Satire?
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Use of irony, sarcasm(讽刺), ridicule(嘲讽)
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A literary composition in which human folly(愚蠢) and vice(缺点) are held up to scorn
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Chapter 12
Chapter 13 Henry Fielding
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The greatest novelist of 18th century
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The first conscious novelist
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the founder of realistic novel
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Features
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Third-person narration
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easy, unlaboured(自然的), familiar but vivid, vigorous(有力的)
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Chapter 14 Thomas Gray
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"The best known peom in the English language."
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The beginning of "Literature of melancholy(忧郁文学)"
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Sentimentalism(感伤主义)
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the grave yard school(墓地派)
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Theme - reflections on death, sorrows and mysteries of human life
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Form
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Iambic pentameter quatrains(四行五步抑扬格)
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No enjambment(跨行连读)
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Alliteration(头韵)
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Parallel syntactic construction(排比的句法结构)
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Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard 墓畔哀歌
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Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17 William Black
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Auguries of innocence 天真的预兆
一沙一世界，一花一天堂。无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。
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