第一个java 接口自动化程序

第一个Java实现的接口测试

御都
字数 1065 · 阅读 0
2019-04-09 08:14
一、背景

使用HttpClient框架提交一个post&get申请，并对打印出返回值和状态码

二、操作步骤

1、在eclipse中创建一个maven工程，设置依赖关系

1.1 使用maven工程的原因：在pom.xml中设置依赖关系后会自动下载相应版本的jar包，减少了人工查找和安装jar包的步骤。

1.2 设置依赖关系

实质上就是将需要使用到的某个版本的jar包挂在该工程下，使得该工程下的类都能导入该jar包中的类进行使用。

【设置的具体内容】

<dependencies>

    <dependency>

            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>

            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>

            <version>4.5.2</version>

    </dependency>

    </dependencies>

【设置后的效果】

在Maven Dependencies下能够看到该版本的http jar包

image.png

1.3代码

package com.cn;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class Demo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

doGet();

}

private static  void doGet() {

String url = "https://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/3328";

//准备参数

List<BasicNameValuePair> param = new ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair>();

/*BasicNameValuePair pwd = new BasicNameValuePair("pwd","123456");

BasicNameValuePair phoneN = new BasicNameValuePair("phoneN","15284691234");

param.add(pwd);

param.add(phoneN);*/

/*BasicNameValuePair tn = new BasicNameValuePair("tn","62095104_8_oem_dg");

param.add(tn);

//参数转换为字符串

String paramStr = URLEncodedUtils.format(param, "UTF-8");

//拼接url

url += "?"+paramStr;*/

System.out.println("url为："+url);

//创建Get对象

HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);

//创建客户端对象

CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

try {

//提交get请求,client调用execute方法会要求抛出try cathch的异常

CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);

//获取状态码

int code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

//获取返回值信息

String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

System.out.println("返回码为："+code);

System.out.println("返回内容为："+result);

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}



}

}

【报错 SSLHandshakeException】

url为：https://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/3328

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:174)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1591)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:187)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:181)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:975)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:123)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:516)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:454)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:884)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1096)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1123)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1107)

at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory.createLayeredSocket(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.java:394)

at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory.connectSocket(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.java:353)

at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.connect(DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.java:141)

at org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.connect(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.java:353)

at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.establishRoute(MainClientExec.java:380)

at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.execute(MainClientExec.java:236)

at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.ProtocolExec.execute(ProtocolExec.java:184)

at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RetryExec.execute(RetryExec.java:88)

at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RedirectExec.execute(RedirectExec.java:110)

at org.apache.http.impl.client.InternalHttpClient.doExecute(InternalHttpClient.java:184)

at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:82)

at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:107)

at com.cn.Demo.doGet(Demo.java:47)

at com.cn.Demo.main(Demo.java:19)

Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:285)

at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:191)

at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:218)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:126)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:209)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:249)

at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:954)

... 21 more

Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:174)

at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:238)

at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:280)

... 27 more

【原因分析证书问题】
只要是你用Java去访问https的网站或者服务，都会碰到类似的错误，最根本的原因是CNNIC所颁发的证书并不被JDK所认可。
参考博客：
（https://blog.csdn.net/lovme_huan/article/details/75087618）
https://blog.csdn.net/fhx007/article/details/52251893
https://blog.csdn.net/paradise003/article/details/72876153
【解决方法信任所有的证书】
代码中加入createSSLClientDefault方法，用该方法返回一个客户端对象

    public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLClientDefault() {
        try {
            SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
                public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                    return true;
                }
            }).build();
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
            return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return HttpClients.createDefault();
    }

【修改后的代码如下】

package interfaceDemo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class Demo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "https://news.cnblogs.com/";
        get(url);
    }
    public static void get(String url){
        //创建一个get对象
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
        //创建一个client对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = createSSLClientDefault();
        
        try {
        //使用client对象发送get请求
        HttpResponse respons = client.execute(get);
        //获取响应的结果
        HttpEntity entity = respons.getEntity();
        //将响应结果转换为字符串
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
        System.out.println("响应结果为："+result);
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLClientDefault() {
        try {
            SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
                public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                    return true;
                }
            }).build();
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
            return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return HttpClients.createDefault();
    }
}

【运行结果】
一个html,截取了开头的部分

响应结果为：<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="referrer" content="always" />
    <title>IT新闻 - 博客园</title>
    <meta name="keywords" content="IT新闻,it news,互联网新闻,业界新闻,IT资讯,IT业界,新闻频道" />
    <meta name="description">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    <link id="rsslink" title="rss" type="application/rss+xml" rel="alternate" 

【遗留_关于证书】
1、为什么会有证书这个东西呢？通过浏览器访问百度的网址时，没看到证书的相关东西
2 所有网址都需要证书吗？
3 上面那种解决方案是属于信任所有证书吗？还有其他解决方法吗？代码怎么写？