Java 多线程事务回滚 ——多线程插入数据库时事务控制

2021-03-12  本文已影响0人  楼兰King

背景
日常项目中,经常会出现一个场景,同时批量插入数据库数据,由于逻辑复杂或者其它原因,我们无法使用sql进行批量插入。串行效率低,耗时长,为了提高效率,这个时候我们首先想到多线程并发插入,但是如何控制事务呢 … 直接上干货

实现效果
开启多条子线程,并发插入数据库 当其中一条线程出现异常,或者处理结果为非预期结果,则全部线程均回滚
代码实现

@Service
public class CompanyUserBatchServiceImpl implements CompanyUserBatchService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CompanyUserBatchServiceImpl.class);

    @Autowired
    private CompanyUserService companyUserService;

    @Override
    public ReturnData addNewCurrentCompanyUsers(String params) {
        logger.info("addNewCompanyUsers 新增参保人方法");
        logger.info(">>>>>>>>>>>>参数:{}", params);
        ReturnData rd = new ReturnData();
        rd.setRetCode(CommonConstants.RETURN_CODE_FAIL);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(params)) {
            rd.setMsg("入参为空!");
            logger.info(">>>>>>入参为空。");
            return rd;
        }

        List<CompanyUserResultVo> companyUsers;
        try {
            companyUsers = JSONObject.parseArray(params, CompanyUserResultVo.class);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.info(">>>>>>>>>入参格式有误: {}", e);
            rd.setMsg("入参格式有误!");
            return rd;
        }


        //每条线程最小处理任务数
        int perThreadHandleCount = 1;
        //线程池的最大线程数
        int nThreads = 10;
        int taskSize = companyUsers.size();

        if (taskSize > nThreads * perThreadHandleCount) {
            perThreadHandleCount = taskSize % nThreads == 0 ? taskSize / nThreads : taskSize / nThreads + 1;
            nThreads = taskSize % perThreadHandleCount == 0 ? taskSize / perThreadHandleCount : taskSize / perThreadHandleCount + 1;
        } else {
            nThreads = taskSize;
        }

        logger.info("批量添加参保人taskSize: {}, perThreadHandleCount: {}, nThreads: {}", taskSize, perThreadHandleCount, nThreads);
        CountDownLatch mainLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        //监控子线程
        CountDownLatch threadLatch = new CountDownLatch(nThreads);
        //根据子线程执行结果判断是否需要回滚
        BlockingDeque<Boolean> resultList = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(nThreads);
        //必须要使用对象,如果使用变量会造成线程之间不可共享变量值
        RollBack rollBack = new RollBack(false);
        ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(nThreads);

        List<Future<List<Object>>> futures = Lists.newArrayList();
        List<Object> returnDataList = Lists.newArrayList();
        //给每个线程分配任务
        for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i++) {
            int lastIndex = (i + 1) * perThreadHandleCount;
            List<CompanyUserResultVo> companyUserResultVos = companyUsers.subList(i * perThreadHandleCount, lastIndex >= taskSize ? taskSize : lastIndex);
            AddNewCompanyUserThread addNewCompanyUserThread = new AddNewCompanyUserThread(mainLatch, threadLatch, rollBack, resultList, companyUserResultVos);
            Future<List<Object>> future = fixedThreadPool.submit(addNewCompanyUserThread);
            futures.add(future);
        }

        /** 存放子线程返回结果. */
        List<Boolean> backUpResult = Lists.newArrayList();
        try {
            //等待所有子线程执行完毕
            boolean await = threadLatch.await(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            //如果超时,直接回滚
            if (!await) {
                rollBack.setRollBack(true);
            } else {
                logger.info("创建参保人子线程执行完毕,共 {} 个线程", nThreads);
                //查看执行情况,如果有存在需要回滚的线程,则全部回滚
                for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i++) {
                    Boolean result = resultList.take();
                    backUpResult.add(result);
                    logger.debug("子线程返回结果result: {}", result);
                    if (result) {
                        /** 有线程执行异常,需要回滚子线程. */
                        rollBack.setRollBack(true);
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            logger.error("等待所有子线程执行完毕时,出现异常");
            throw new SystemException("等待所有子线程执行完毕时,出现异常,整体回滚");
        } finally {
            //子线程再次开始执行
            mainLatch.countDown();
            logger.info("关闭线程池,释放资源");
            fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
        }

        /** 检查子线程是否有异常,有异常整体回滚. */
        for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i++) {
            if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(backUpResult)) {
                Boolean result = backUpResult.get(i);
                if (result) {
                    logger.info("创建参保人失败,整体回滚");
                    throw new SystemException("创建参保人失败");
                }
            } else {
                logger.info("创建参保人失败,整体回滚");
                throw new SystemException("创建参保人失败");
            }
        }

        //拼接结果
        try {
            for (Future<List<Object>> future : futures) {
                returnDataList.addAll(future.get());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.info("获取子线程操作结果出现异常,创建的参保人列表: {} ,异常信息: {}", JSONObject.toJSONString(companyUsers), e);
            throw new SystemException("创建参保人子线程正常创建参保人成功,主线程出现异常,回滚失败");
        }

        rd.setRetCode(CommonConstants.RETURN_CODE_SUCCESS);
        rd.setData(returnDataList);
        return rd;
    }

    public class AddNewCompanyUserThread implements Callable<List<Object>> {
        /**
         * 主线程监控
         */
        private CountDownLatch mainLatch;
        /**
         * 子线程监控
         */
        private CountDownLatch threadLatch;
        /**
         * 是否回滚
         */
        private RollBack rollBack;
        private BlockingDeque<Boolean> resultList;
        private List<CompanyUserResultVo> taskList;

        public AddNewCompanyUserThread(CountDownLatch mainLatch, CountDownLatch threadLatch, RollBack rollBack, BlockingDeque<Boolean> resultList, List<CompanyUserResultVo> taskList) {
            this.mainLatch = mainLatch;
            this.threadLatch = threadLatch;
            this.rollBack = rollBack;
            this.resultList = resultList;
            this.taskList = taskList;
        }

        @Override
        public List<Object> call() {
            //为了保证事务不提交,此处只能调用一个有事务的方法,spring 中事务的颗粒度是方法,只有方法不退出,事务才不会提交
            return companyUserService.addNewCompanyUsers(mainLatch, threadLatch, rollBack, resultList, taskList);
        }

    }

    public class RollBack {
        private Boolean isRollBack;

        public Boolean getRollBack() {
            return isRollBack;
        }

        public void setRollBack(Boolean rollBack) {
            isRollBack = rollBack;
        }

        public RollBack(Boolean isRollBack) {
            this.isRollBack = isRollBack;
        }
    }
public List<Object> addNewCompanyUsers(CountDownLatch mainLatch, CountDownLatch threadLatch, CompanyUserBatchServiceImpl.RollBack rollBack, BlockingDeque<Boolean> resultList, List<CompanyUserResultVo> taskList) {
        List<Object> returnDataList = Lists.newArrayList();
        Boolean result = false;
        logger.debug("线程: {}创建参保人条数 : {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), taskList.size());
        try {
            for (CompanyUserResultVo companyUserResultVo : taskList) {
                ReturnData returnData = addSingleCompanyUser(companyUserResultVo);
                if (returnData.getRetCode() == CommonConstants.RETURN_CODE_FAIL) {
                    result = true;
                }
                returnDataList.add(returnData.getData());
            }
            //Exception 和 Error 都需要抓
        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
            throwable.printStackTrace();
            logger.info("线程: {}创建参保人出现异常: {} ", Thread.currentThread().getName(), throwable);
            result = true;
        }

        resultList.add(result);
        threadLatch.countDown();
        logger.info("子线程 {} 计算过程已经结束,等待主线程通知是否需要回滚", Thread.currentThread().getName());

        try {
            mainLatch.await();
            logger.info("子线程 {} 再次启动", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            logger.error("批量创建参保人线程InterruptedException异常");
            throw new SystemException("批量创建参保人线程InterruptedException异常");
        }

        if (rollBack.getRollBack()) {
            logger.error("批量创建参保人线程回滚, 线程: {}, 需要更新的信息taskList: {}",
                    Thread.currentThread().getName(),
                    JSONObject.toJSONString(taskList));
            logger.info("子线程 {} 执行完毕,线程退出", Thread.currentThread().getName());
            throw new SystemException("批量创建参保人线程回滚");
        }

        logger.info("子线程 {} 执行完毕,线程退出", Thread.currentThread().getName());
        return returnDataList;
    }

思想就是使用两个CountDownWatch实现子线程的二段提交
步骤:

主线程将任务分发给子线程,然后 使用 boolean await = threadLatch.await(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS); 阻塞主线程,等待所有子线程处理向数据库中插入的业务 使用 threadLatch.countDown(); 释放子线程锁定,同时使用 mainLatch.await(); 阻塞子线程,将程序的控制权交还给主线程 主线程检查子线程执行插入数据库的结果,若有非预期结果出现,主线程标记状态告知子线程回滚,然后使用 mainLatch.countDown(); 将程序控制权再次交给子线程,子线程检测回滚标志,判断是否回滚 子线程执行结束,主线程拼接处理结果,响应给请求方
整个过程类似于GC的标记-清除过程(串行的垃圾收集器)

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