ruby on rails

Rails的模型自关联

2017-07-29  本文已影响203人  李小西033

关于Rails的模型自关联有一个非常有意思的题目,大概是这样的:

lisa = Person.create(name:'Lisa')
tom = Person.create(name:'Tom',parent_id:lisa.id)
andy = Person.create(name:'Andy',parent_id:lisa.id)
tom.parent.name => 'Lisa'
lisa.children.map(&:name) => ['Tom','Andy']

thomas = Person.create(name: 'Thomas',parent_id: tom.id)
peter = Person.create(name:'Peter',parent_id:tom.id)
gavin = Person.create(name:'Gavin', parent_id: andy.id)
lisa.grandchildren.map(&:name) => ['Thomas','Peter','Gavin']

问如何定义Person模型来满足以上需求?

题目考察了对模型自关联的理解,通过审题我们可以得出以下几点:

在不考虑GrandChildren时,不难得出模型定义如下:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base 
  belongs_to :parent, class_name: 'Person', foreign_key: 'parent_id' 
  has_many :children, class_name: 'Person', foreign_key: 'parent_id' 
end

其中Person包含两个自关联关系:

接下来更近一步,我们要找到Person对象子对象的子对象,换句话说:孙子对象。
如我们上面的分析,Person对象通过Children与GrandChildren建立了一对多关系,其代码表现为:

has_many :grandchildren, :through => :children, :source => :children

:source选项的官方文档说明如下:

The :source option specifies the source association name for a has_many :through association. You only need to use this option if the name of the source association cannot be automatically inferred from the association name. —— rails guide

在这里我们通过:source选项告诉Rails在children对象上查找children关联关系。
于是该题目完整的模型定义如下:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :parent, class_name: 'Person', foreign_key: 'parent_id'
  has_many :children, class_name: 'Person', foreign_key: 'parent_id'
  has_many :grandchildren, :through => :children, :source => :children
end
result.png

参考:Need help to understand :source option of has_one/has_many through of Rails

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