TypeScript : 环境安装及使用
2019-05-20 本文已影响0人
_凌浩雨
1). TypeScript官网
2). Node
- 检测版本
npm --verison
- 设置镜像源
# 设置镜像源
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org --global
npm config set disturl https://npm.taobao.org/dist --global
- 安装typescript
npm install -g typescript
- 编译
tsc filename.ts
3). 语法特性
- 类 Classes
- 接口 Interfaces
- 模块 Modules
- 类型注解 Type annotations
- 编译时类型检查 Compile time type checking
- Arrow 函数 (Lambda 表达式)
4). 使用
- 创建index.html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
- 创建index.ts文件
alert('Hello world in TypeScript!');
- 编译index.ts文件
tsc index.ts
运行改命令后再ts文件同级目录生成index.js文件
- 查看效果
效果.png
5). 类型批注
function area(shape: string, width: number, height: number): string {
var area = width * height;
return "I am a " + shape + " with an area of " + area + " cm squred";
}
document.write(area('rectangle', 30, 15));
6). 接口
interface Shape {
name: string,
width: number,
height: number,
color?: string
}
function area(shape: Shape): string {
var area = shape.width * shape.height;
return "I am a " + shape.name + " with an area of " + area + " cm squred";
}
document.write(area({name: 'rectangle', width: 30, height: 15}));
7). 箭头函数表达式（lambda表达式）
var shape = {
name: 'rectangle',
popup: function () {
console.log('This inside popup: ' + this.name);
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('This inside setTimeout(): ' + this.name);
console.log("I am a " + this.name);
}, 3000);
}
}
shape.popup();
8). 类
class Shape {
area: number;
// 私有化
private color: string;
// name 公有化
constructor(public name: string, width: number, height: number) {
this.area = width * height;
this.color = "pink";
}
shoutout() {
return "I'm " + this.color + " " + this.name + " with an area of " + this.area + " cm squared.";
}
}
var square = new Shape("square", 30, 30);
console.log(square.shoutout);
console.log('Area of Shape: ' + square.area);
console.log('Name of Shape: ' + square.name);
console.log('Color of Shape: ' + square.color); // 未定义
console.log('Width of Shape: ' + square.width); // 未定义
console.log('Height of Shape: ' + square.height); // 未定义
9). 继承
class Shape {
area: number;
// 私有化
private color: string;
// name 公有化
constructor(public name: string, width: number, height: number) {
this.area = width * height;
this.color = "pink";
}
shoutout() {
return "I'm " + this.color + " " + this.name + " with an area of " + this.area + " cm squared.";
}
}
class Shape3D extends Shape {
volume: number;
constructor(public name: string, width: number, height: number, length: number) {
super(name, width, height);
this.volume = length * this.area;
}
shoutout() {
return "I'm " + this.name + " with a volume of " + this.volume + " cm cube.";
}
superShout() {
return super.shoutout();
}
}
var cube = new Shape3D("cube", 30, 30, 30);
console.log(cube.shoutout());
console.log(cube.superShout());
