RecyclerView系列之二:添加分隔线
在上一篇RecyclerView系列之一:实现常见的ListView效果简单介绍了使用RecyclerView如何实现ListView的效果,但是我们也发现了,效果图中没有分隔线,今天将介绍如何为RecyclerView添加分隔线.
一、如何添加分隔线
嗯,首先有两种比较low的方式:
1、为item布局设置一个背景色,再为item根标签设置一个margin或者padding,这样就形成了分隔线的效果.
2、在Item布局文件最后加一条横线,为它设置一个背景色,形成分隔线的效果.
然后就是正式的写法了:
3、RecyclerView中可以通过addItemDecoration()方法添加分割线, 该方法的参数为RecyclerView.ItemDecoration,该类为抽象类,官方目前只提供了一个实现类DividerItemDecoration.
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
private LinearLayoutManager layoutManager;
private MainAdapter mAdapter;
private List<String> mDatas;
private DividerItemDecoration mDivider;//分隔线
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initData();
mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recyclerview);
layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false);
mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
//初始化分隔线、添加分隔线
mDivider = new DividerItemDecoration(this,DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL);
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(mDivider);
mAdapter = new MainAdapter(this,mDatas);
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private void initData() {
mDatas = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 'A'; i < 'Z'; i++) {
mDatas.add("" + (char) i);
}
}
}
现在我们再来看一下效果图:
看起来还行,但是万一这种效果不是我们需要的怎么办?所以我们应该知道RecyclerView是如何画出分隔线的
二、抽象类RecyclerView.ItemDecoration源码
public static abstract class ItemDecoration {
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
onDraw(c, parent);
}
@Deprecated
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
}
public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
onDrawOver(c, parent);
}
@Deprecated
public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
}
@Deprecated
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
outRect.set(0, 0, 0, 0);
}
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
getItemOffsets(outRect, ((LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams()).getViewLayoutPosition(),
parent);
}
}
当我们调用addItemDecoration()方法添加decoration的时候,RecyclerView就会调用该类的onDraw方法去绘制分隔线,也就是说:分隔线是绘制出来的. 下面来了解分隔线是如何绘制出来的.
三、理解分隔线是如何绘制的
系统默认实现类DividerItemDecoration涉及到clipToPadding属性、画布的裁剪一些知识,不太容易理解,也不方便修改,这里介绍网上通用的实现.
首先要理解一个概念:分隔线本质是一个矩形,这个“线”是有长度和宽度的.
/**
* 默认分隔线实现类只支持布局管理器为 LinearLayoutManager
*/
public class CommonItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
public static final int HORIZONTAL = LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL;
public static final int VERTICAL = LinearLayout.VERTICAL;
//使用系统主题中的R.attr.listDivider作为Item间的分割线
private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr.listDivider};
private Drawable mDivider;
private int mOrientation;//布局方向,决定绘制水平分隔线还是竖直分隔线
private final Rect mBounds = new Rect();
public CommonItemDecoration (Context context, int orientation) {
final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
a.recycle();
setOrientation(orientation);
}
public void setOrientation(int orientation) {
if (orientation != HORIZONTAL && orientation != VERTICAL) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Invalid orientation. It should be either HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL");
}
mOrientation = orientation;
}
/**
* 一个app中分隔线不可能完全一样,你可以通过这个方法传递一个Drawable 对象来定制分隔线
*/
public void setDrawable(@NonNull Drawable drawable) {
if (drawable == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Drawable cannot be null.");
}
mDivider = drawable;
}
/**
* 画分隔线
*/
@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
if (parent.getLayoutManager() == null) {
return;
}
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
drawVertical(c, parent);
} else {
drawHorizontal(c, parent);
}
}
/**
* 在LinearLayoutManager方向为Vertical时,画分隔线
*/
public void drawVertical(Canvas canvas, RecyclerView parent) {
final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();//★分隔线的左边 = paddingLeft值
final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();//★分隔线的右边 = RecyclerView 宽度-paddingRight值
//分隔线不在RecyclerView的padding那一部分绘制
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();//★分隔线数量=item数量
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);//确定是第几个item
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params =(RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;//★分隔线的上边 = item的底部 + item根标签的bottomMargin值
final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();//★分隔线的下边 = 分隔线的上边 + 分隔线本身高度
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(canvas);
}
}
/**
* 在LinearLayoutManager方向为Horizontal时,画分隔线
* 理解了上面drawVertical()方法这个方法也就理解了
*/
public void drawHorizontal(Canvas canvas, RecyclerView parent) {
final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(canvas);
}
}
/**
* 获取Item偏移量
* 此方法是为每个Item四周预留出空间,从而让分隔线的绘制在预留的空间内
*/
@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent,
RecyclerView.State state) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {//竖直方向的分隔线:item向下偏移一个分隔线的高度
outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
} else {//水平方向的分隔线:item向右偏移一个分隔线的宽度
outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
}
}
}
四、更改分隔线的样式
DividerItemDecoration画的分割线是读取系统的属性android.R.attr.listDivider,使用系统的listDivider好处就是就是方便我们去随意的分隔线的样式
1、找到res/values/styles.xml,在其中声明android:listDivider属性,然后使用我们自己的样式
<resources>
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
<item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/my_divider</item>
</style>
</resources>
2、在res/drawable目录下声明我们自己的样式my_divider.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:shape="rectangle" >
<gradient
android:centerColor="#ff00ff"
android:endColor="#00ff00"
android:startColor="#0000ff"
android:type="linear" />
<size android:height="4dp"/>
</shape>
再来看一下效果图
3、当然,这样一修改就改变整个app中的分隔线效果了,如果只是想改变某个列表中的分隔线效果,完全可以通过分隔线的setDrawable方法来修改
mDivider = new DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL);
mDivider.setDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.my_divider));
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(mDivider);
这样一来,不同的列表就可以使用不同的分隔线效果了.