AndroidAndroid开发经验谈Android开发

Android:RippleDrawable 水波纹/涟漪效果

2018-08-08  本文已影响7人  CnPeng

一、效果图

二、RippleDrawable基本概念介绍

(1)、RippleDrawable

RippleDrawable可以实现上面效果图中的水波纹效果,它是在API 21 中添加的,所以,低于21的版本中不可使用。它的继承关系如下:

根据上面的继承关系,我们可知,我们可以用它来做背景;RippleDrawable是有层级的——LayerDrawable的特性。

(2)、xml属性

RippleDrawable在xml中对应的是 <ripple></ripple>,它只有两个属性——color、radius。具体可参考下图:

(3)、ripple的特性

A touch feedback drawable may contain multiple child layers, including a special mask layer that is not drawn to the screen. A single layer may be set as the mask from XML by specifying its android:id value as [R.id.mask](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/R.id.html#mask). At run time, a single layer may be set as the mask using setId(..., android.R.id.mask) or an existing mask layer may be replaced using setDrawableByLayerId(android.R.id.mask, ...).

三、代码示例:

(1)、xml 中定义 ripple

下列代码依次对应效果图中的前6个。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!--只有一个 ripple 节点-->
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="@color/colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">

</ripple>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="@color/colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">

    <!--为drawable 赋一个color 值,是不生效的-->
    <item
        android:id="@android:id/mask"
        android:drawable="@color/blue" />
</ripple>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="@color/colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">

    <!--这里使用drawable时,并不是所有drawable都生效。需要带有透明边框.否则,图片不生效。而且,绘制出来之后会更改掉原图的色彩信息,
    图片的颜色值会变为 ripple 节点中的 color 值;ripple 只会在该图片区域内有效;图片会被拉伸-->
    <item
        android:id="@android:id/mask"
        android:drawable="@drawable/act_attentioned" />
    <!--android:drawable="@drawable/square_team_selected"/>-->
</ripple>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!--以此作为 backGround时,控件初始时使用 item 作为bg ; 按压时会有一个色值渐变效果,按住不松时会显示 ripple 和 item 中颜色的混合值;
松手的瞬间会显示 ripple 中色值,然后再渐变为item中的色值-->
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="@color/colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">

    <item>
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <solid android:color="@color/blue" />
            <corners android:radius="@dimen/dp10" />
        </shape>
    </item>

</ripple>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!--以此作为 backGround时,控件没有默认背景色;生效的只有ripple中的色值;此时,item 只要控制ripple 的范围-->
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="@color/colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">

    <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <solid android:color="@color/blue" />
            <corners android:radius="@dimen/dp10" />
        </shape>
    </item>

</ripple>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!--相当于 ripple 和 selector 的叠加-->
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="@color/colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">

    <item>
        <selector>
            <item
                android:drawable="@drawable/daomeixiong"
                android:state_pressed="true" />

            <item android:drawable="@drawable/gongfuxiongmao" />
        </selector>
    </item>
</ripple>

(2)、java代码中定义ripple

下列代码依次对应效果图中的后五个

/**
 * 作者:CnPeng
 * 时间:2018/8/8
 * 功用:Ripple使用示例
 * 其他:
 */
public class RippleDrawableActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    ActivityRippleBinding mBinding;

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_ripple);

        initTv1RippleBG(R.color.f9cf87);
        initTv2RippleBG();
        initTv3RippleBG();
        initTv4RippleBG();
        initTv5RippleBG();
    }

    /**
     * 作者:CnPeng
     * 时间:2018/8/8 下午3:37
     * 功用:xml中已经设置背景为 ripple_1.xml 为背景,此处是更改ripple_1中的颜色
     * 说明:
     */
    @SuppressLint("ClickableViewAccessibility")
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    public void initTv1RippleBG(final int colorResId) {
        final RippleDrawable rippleDrawable = (RippleDrawable) mBinding.tvRippleBg1.getBackground();
        mBinding.tvRippleBg1.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                rippleDrawable.setHotspot(event.getX(), event.getY());
                //如果radius小于控件的宽高中的大值,则,触摸超出radius的部分时,也只会在控件中心位置为起点以radius为半径绘制ripple
                rippleDrawable.setRadius(200);
                rippleDrawable.setColor(ColorStateList.valueOf(getResources().getColor(colorResId)));
                return false;
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 作者:CnPeng
     * 时间:2018/8/8 下午12:02
     * 功用:以代码的方式构建rippleDrawable为背景——没有设置mask
     * 说明:http://www.tothenew.com/blog/ripple-effect-in-android/
     * https://www.programcreek.com/java-api-examples/index.php?api=android.graphics.drawable.RippleDrawable
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    private void initTv2RippleBG() {

        int[][] stateList = new int[][]{
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_pressed},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_focused},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_activated},
                new int[]{}
        };

        //深蓝
        int normalColor = Color.parseColor("#303F9F");
        //玫瑰红
        int pressedColor = Color.parseColor("#FF4081");
        int[] stateColorList = new int[]{
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                normalColor
        };
        ColorStateList colorStateList = new ColorStateList(stateList, stateColorList);

        RippleDrawable rippleDrawable = new RippleDrawable(colorStateList, null, null);
        mBinding.tvRippleBg2.setBackground(rippleDrawable);
    }

    /**
     * 作者:CnPeng
     * 时间:2018/8/8 下午12:02
     * 功用:以代码的方式构建rippleDrawable为背景——有drawable,但不设置mask
     * 说明:http://www.tothenew.com/blog/ripple-effect-in-android/
     * https://www.programcreek.com/java-api-examples/index.php?api=android.graphics.drawable.RippleDrawable
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    private void initTv3RippleBG() {

        int[][] stateList = new int[][]{
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_pressed},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_focused},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_activated},
                new int[]{}
        };

        //深蓝
        int normalColor = Color.parseColor("#303F9F");
        //玫瑰红
        int pressedColor = Color.parseColor("#FF4081");
        int[] stateColorList = new int[]{
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                normalColor
        };
        ColorStateList colorStateList = new ColorStateList(stateList, stateColorList);

        Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.act_attentioned);
        RippleDrawable rippleDrawable = new RippleDrawable(colorStateList, drawable, null);
        mBinding.tvRippleBg3.setBackground(rippleDrawable);
    }

    /**
     * 作者:CnPeng
     * 时间:2018/8/8 下午12:02
     * 功用:以代码的方式构建rippleDrawable为背景——无drawable,设置mask
     * 说明:http://www.tothenew.com/blog/ripple-effect-in-android/
     * https://www.programcreek.com/java-api-examples/index.php?api=android.graphics.drawable.RippleDrawable
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    private void initTv4RippleBG() {

        int[][] stateList = new int[][]{
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_pressed},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_focused},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_activated},
                new int[]{}
        };

        //深蓝
        int normalColor = Color.parseColor("#303F9F");
        //玫瑰红
        int pressedColor = Color.parseColor("#FF4081");
        int[] stateColorList = new int[]{
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                normalColor
        };
        ColorStateList colorStateList = new ColorStateList(stateList, stateColorList);

        Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.act_attentioned);
        RippleDrawable rippleDrawable = new RippleDrawable(colorStateList, null, drawable);
        mBinding.tvRippleBg4.setBackground(rippleDrawable);
    }

    /**
     * 作者:CnPeng
     * 时间:2018/8/8 下午12:02
     * 功用:以代码的方式构建rippleDrawable为背景——有drawable,设置mask
     * 说明:http://www.tothenew.com/blog/ripple-effect-in-android/
     * https://www.programcreek.com/java-api-examples/index.php?api=android.graphics.drawable.RippleDrawable
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    private void initTv5RippleBG() {

        int[][] stateList = new int[][]{
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_pressed},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_focused},
                new int[]{android.R.attr.state_activated},
                new int[]{}
        };

        //深蓝
        int normalColor = Color.parseColor("#303F9F");
        //玫瑰红
        int pressedColor = Color.parseColor("#FF4081");
        int[] stateColorList = new int[]{
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                pressedColor,
                normalColor
        };
        ColorStateList colorStateList = new ColorStateList(stateList, stateColorList);

        float[] outRadius = new float[]{10, 10, 15, 15, 20, 20, 25, 25};
        RoundRectShape roundRectShape = new RoundRectShape(outRadius, null, null);
        ShapeDrawable maskDrawable = new ShapeDrawable();
        maskDrawable.setShape(roundRectShape);
        maskDrawable.getPaint().setColor(Color.parseColor("#000000"));
        maskDrawable.getPaint().setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

        ShapeDrawable contentDrawable = new ShapeDrawable();
        contentDrawable.setShape(roundRectShape);
        contentDrawable.getPaint().setColor(Color.parseColor("#f7c653"));
        contentDrawable.getPaint().setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

        //contentDrawable实际是默认初始化时展示的;maskDrawable 控制了rippleDrawable的范围
        RippleDrawable rippleDrawable = new RippleDrawable(colorStateList, contentDrawable, maskDrawable);
        mBinding.tvRippleBg5.setBackground(rippleDrawable);
    }
}

(3)、activity_ripple.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout>

    <ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:fillViewport="true"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:gravity="center_horizontal"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:padding="@dimen/dp10">

            <!--无界水波纹效果,所谓无界,实际是以空间宽度或高度中的大值作为直径绘制一个园-->
            <TextView
                android:layout_width="150dp"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_1"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="不设置mask/wrapContent" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_1"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="不设置mask/match_parent" />

            <!--有界水波纹效果。水波纹效果只在控件内绘制-->
            <TextView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_2"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="mask/match_parent/drawable_color" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_3"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="mask/match_parent/drawable_drawable" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_4"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="match_parent/drawable_shape" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp10"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_5"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="match_parent/drawable_shape" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp10"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_6"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="match_parent/drawable_shape" />


            <!--测试代码控制ripple颜色-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_rippleBg1"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp10"
                android:background="@drawable/ripple_1"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="代码控制更改ripple.xml中的颜色" />

            <!--测试代码控制ripple颜色-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_rippleBg2"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp10"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="代码编写ripple作为Tv背景_无derawable_无mask" />

            <!--测试代码控制ripple颜色-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_rippleBg3"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp10"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="代码控制ripple3_有drawable_无mask" />

            <!--测试代码控制ripple颜色-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_rippleBg4"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp10"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="代码控制ripple4_无drawable_有mask" />

            <!--测试代码控制ripple颜色-->
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_rippleBg5"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="50dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp10"
                android:clickable="true"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="代码控制ripple5_有drawable_有mask" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </ScrollView>
</layout>

四、总结

(1)、涟漪效果的应用现状

应用名称 是否应用涟漪效果 应用的位置
知乎 在底部导航和首页列表中有应用
QQ
微信
简书
支付宝
口碑
微博
美团
淘宝 消息列表和Dialog中的按钮

在查看了我自己常用的几款软件之后,发现,只有知乎和淘宝在局部使用了这个涟漪效果,这。。。似乎有点尴尬啊

(2)、参考文章:

http://www.tothenew.com/blog/ripple-effect-in-android/

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/drawable/RippleDrawable

https://www.programcreek.com/java-api-examples/index.php?api=android.graphics.drawable.RippleDrawable

(3)、代码地址

文中代码地址为:https://github.com/CnPeng/CnPengAndroid.git
文中内容对应其中的:b_35_rippleDrawable 文件夹


本文到此结束,谢谢观看!
如有不足,敬请指正!

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