Docker之镜像与容器
2017-09-28 本文已影响38人
cws
原文链接：http://wyb0.com/posts/docker-image-and-container
操作系统：Ubuntu14.04.1
Docker版本：Docker version 17.06.0-ce, build 02c1d87
0x00 镜像操作
- 下载镜像
#一般容器的id和name可以互换
$ docker search ubuntu #从公共registry搜索镜像
$ docker pull ubuntu #从公共registry下载镜像
$ docker pull ubuntu:14.04
- 查看当前系统镜像
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 14f60031763d 2 weeks ago 120MB
ubuntu 14.04 54333f1de4ed 2 weeks ago 188MB
- 打包镜像
$ docker save 54333f1de4ed > /home/reber/ubuntu.tar
- 加载镜像
$ docker load < ./ubuntu.tar
1b0c71361973: Loading layer 196.9MB/196.9MB
150e95c79e16: Loading layer 209.9kB/209.9kB
1ae9c3d1e0b7: Loading layer 7.168kB/7.168kB
4622ee8f36ae: Loading layer 4.608kB/4.608kB
4455b4d81934: Loading layer 3.072kB/3.072kB
Loaded image ID: sha256:54333f1de4ed2730bea18e49605b2ea8f8a2689db213ece94db6ccbc8cf279a6
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 328edcd84f1b 7 days ago 193MB
<none> <none> 54333f1de4ed 3 weeks ago 188MB
- 给镜像打标签
$ docker tag 54333f1de4ed ubuntu:14.04
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 328edcd84f1b 7 days ago 193MB
ubuntu 14.04 54333f1de4ed 3 weeks ago 188MB
- 查看镜像层组成
$ docker history ubuntu:desktop
- 删除镜像(删除镜像前要先删除上面的容器)
$ docker rmi ubuntu:latest #docker rmi 14f60031763d
0x01 容器操作
- 运行容器(exit后容器就停止了)
$ docker run --rm -ti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@172c8d8b0671:/# ls
bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
root@172c8d8b0671:/# exit
exit
解释：
--rm：告诉Docker一旦运行的进程退出就删除容器
-ti：告诉Docker分配一个为终端并进入交互模式(这将进入容器内)
ubuntu：这是容器立足的镜像
/bin/bash：shell
- 后台运行容器
$ docker run -d ubuntu:14.04 ping 8.8.8.8
1f665a3ccf4bab2e1a901727e3eef9140e713f3a4699c55c0e67f8666cca5d11
#$ sudo docker run -d ubuntu:14.04 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
- 查看当前运行的容器
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1f665a3ccf4b ubuntu:14.04 "ping 8.8.8.8" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds goofy_dubinsky
- 查看所有容器
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1f665a3ccf4b ubuntu:14.04 "ping 8.8.8.8" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes goofy_dubinsky
82113ae171f1 ubuntu "ping 8.8.8.8" 28 minutes ago Created mystifying_keller
- 查看容器日志
$ docker logs 1f665a3ccf4b
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=183 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=127 time=184 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=127 time=185 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=4 ttl=127 time=183 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=5 ttl=127 time=182 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=6 ttl=127 time=184 ms
- 查看容器的端口映射
$ docker port 1f665a3ccf4b
- 查看容器的进程信息
$ docker top 1f665a3ccf4b
- 查看容器的文件变化
$ docker diff 1f665a3ccf4b
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
A /root/a.txt
- 从宿主机向容器复制数据
$ docker cp a.txt 1f665a3ccf4b:/root/
$ docker cp test 1f665a3ccf4b:/root/
- 从容器向宿主机复制数据
$ docker cp 1f665a3ccf4b:/root/libxml29_compat.patch ~/
$ docker cp 1f665a3ccf4b:/root/test ~/
- 导出/导入容器(导出的其实是镜像)
$ docker export df2a7e881c8a > ./ubuntu_container.tar
$ docker import ./ubuntu_container.tar
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 499df17f51e7 About a minute ago 175MB
$ docker tag 499df17f51e7 ubuntu:container
- 进入容器
$ docker exec -ti goofy_dubinsky /bin/bash
root@1f665a3ccf4b:/# ps -aux|grep ping
root 1 0.0 0.0 6524 712 ? Ss 09:38 0:00 ping 8.8.8.8
- 停止/启动容器
$ docker stop 1f665a3ccf4b
1f665a3ccf4b
#docker kill 1f665a3ccf4b，stop会在10s后停止，kill则直接停止
$ docker start 1f665a3ccf4b
1f665a3ccf4b
- 删除容器(容器需要先停止才能删除)
$ docker rm 1f665a3ccf4b
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 1f665a3ccf4bab2e1a901727e3eef9140e713f3a4699c55c0e67f8666cca5d11. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
$ docker kill 1f665a3ccf4b
1f665a3ccf4b
$ docker rm 1f665a3ccf4b
1f665a3ccf4b
- 删除所有容器(只能删除停止运行的)
$ docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
be5877380ca5
3e4b3a11d49f
2e51c9c2c6d1
dc6cadfc08f7
0x02 查看镜像或容器的底层信息(IP、端口绑定、配置信息等)
$ docker inspect 65987aa8f0cb
0x03 例子
$ exec_ping=$(docker run -d ubuntu:14.04 ping 8.8.8.8)
$ docker logs $exec_ping
$ docker restart $exec_ping
$ docker commit $exec_ping ubuntu:ping #保存容器为镜像
sha256:c496c5d6e3cd4ac9f54d200c5b374ded94cea11f4b2b6eef1fde25a703fcc06c
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu ping c496c5d6e3cd 2 seconds ago 188MB
centos 7 328edcd84f1b 7 days ago 193MB
ubuntu 14.04 54333f1de4ed 3 weeks ago 188MB
