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Android绘图之LinearGradient线性渐变(9)

2019-08-16  本文已影响2人  sliencexiu

Android 绘图学习

1 linearGradient简介

linearGradient线性渐变,会用到Paint的setShader,Shader 被称为着色器,在opengl中这个概念经常被用到,android中的shader主要用来给图像着色,Shader在绘制过程中会返回横向重要的颜色组,Paint设置shader后,绘制时会从shader中获取颜色,也就是需要shader告诉画笔某处的颜色值。

Shader 具体实现类包括:
BitmapShader,ComposeShader,LinearGradient,RadialGradient,SweepGradient

https://blog.csdn.net/u010126792/article/details/83787779 我在 这篇文章中写过android渐变的实现,此处就从LinearGradient开始学习。
LinearGradient两种构造函数:

/**
 * Create a shader that draws a linear gradient along a line.
 *
 * @param x0       The x-coordinate for the start of the gradient line
 * @param y0       The y-coordinate for the start of the gradient line
 * @param x1       The x-coordinate for the end of the gradient line
 * @param y1       The y-coordinate for the end of the gradient line
 * @param color0   The color at the start of the gradient line.
 * @param color1   The color at the end of the gradient line.
 * @param tile     The Shader tiling mode
*/
public LinearGradient(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1,
    @ColorInt int color0, @ColorInt int color1, @NonNull TileMode tile) ;


/**
 * Create a shader that draws a linear gradient along a line.
 *
 * @param x0           The x-coordinate for the start of the gradient line
 * @param y0           The y-coordinate for the start of the gradient line
 * @param x1           The x-coordinate for the end of the gradient line
 * @param y1           The y-coordinate for the end of the gradient line
 * @param colors       The colors to be distributed along the gradient line
 * @param positions    May be null. The relative positions [0..1] of
 *                     each corresponding color in the colors array. If this is null,
 *                     the the colors are distributed evenly along the gradient line.
 * @param tile         The Shader tiling mode
*/
public LinearGradient(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, @NonNull @ColorInt int colors[], @Nullable float positions[], @NonNull TileMode tile) ;

参数说明:
(x0,y0):渐变起始点坐标
(x1,y1):渐变结束点坐标
color0:渐变开始点颜色,16进制的颜色表示,必须要带有透明度
color1:渐变结束颜色
colors:渐变数组
positions:位置数组,position的取值范围[0,1],作用是指定某个位置的颜色值,如果传null,渐变就线性变化。
tile:用于指定控件区域大于指定的渐变区域时,空白区域的颜色填充方法。

第一个构造函数可以指定两个颜色之间的渐变,第二个构造函数可以指定多个颜色之间的渐变,线性渐变不但可以代码实现还可以xml文件实现,这里只讲解代码实现方式。

2 两种颜色的线性渐变

只需要设置开始结束点坐标,开始颜色,结束颜色。
实例代码:

mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(3);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mPaint.setTextSize(20);

LinearGradient linearGradient = new LinearGradient(getWidth(),400,0,0,Color.RED,Color.GREEN, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
canvas.drawRect(0,0,getWidth(),400,mPaint);

xml中设置渐变可以通过设置angle角度来改变渐变的开始结束,可以设置从上到下,从下到上,从左到右,从右到左,代码中如何设置呢?

3 如何通过坐标设置渐变方向:

通过坐标可以轻松实现,渐变方向的控制:
(0,0)->(0,400)从上到下
(0,400)->(0,0) 从下到上

0,0)->(getMeasuredWidth(),0) 表示从左到右
(getMeasuredWidth(),0)->(0,0) 表示从右到左

0,0)-> (getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight()) 斜角,从左上角到右下角

从左到右:

从右到左:


** 渐变填充颜色总结**

4 多颜色填充 colors,positions数组参数讲解

LinearGradient(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, @NonNull @ColorInt int colors[], @Nullable float positions[], @NonNull TileMode tile) ;

positions为null时,线性填充,和没有positions数组的构造函数效果一样。

Positions数组中值为0-1,0表示开始绘制点,1表示结束点,0.5对应中间点等等。数组中位置信息对应颜色数组中的颜色。
//例如
int [] colors = {Color.RED,Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE};
float[] position = {0f, 0.3f, 1.0f};
上面position[0]对应数组中的第一个RED,0.3f的位置对应颜色中的GREEN,1.0f的位置对应颜色中的BLUE,所以从0-0.3的位置是从RED到GREEN的渐变,从0.3到1.0的位置的颜色渐变是GREEN到BLUE。

int [] colors = {Color.RED,Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE};
float[] position = {0f, 0.3f, 1.0f};
LinearGradient linearGradient = new LinearGradient(0,0,getMeasuredWidth(),0,colors,position, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);

mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
canvas.drawRect(0,0,getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),mPaint);

如果把0.3改成0.7,


5 利用LinearGradient实现变色字体

利用设置了变色shader的画笔,就可以画出变色字体:

 int [] colors = {Color.RED,Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE};
 float[] position = {0f, 0.7f, 1.0f};
 LinearGradient linearGradient = new LinearGradient(0,0,getMeasuredWidth(),0,colors,position, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);

 mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
// canvas.drawRect(0,0,getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),mPaint);
 canvas.drawText("Android绘图小糊涂",0,getMeasuredHeight()/2,mPaint);

如何让字体颜色不停地变动:
Shader 可以设置matrix变换,利用translate不停地移动shader,实现渐变效果,下面的实例不能用于生产环境,我只是写个例子,后面会开文章讲解可用于生产的渐变。

int [] colors = {Color.BLACK,Color.RED, Color.BLUE,Color.BLACK};
Rect rect = new Rect();
mPaint.getTextBounds(str,0,str.length(), rect);
int fontWidth = rect.width();
linearGradient = new LinearGradient(0,0,-fontWidth+10,0,colors,null, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.setTranslate(tran,0);
linearGradient.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
tran = (tran + advance) ;
if (tran >= fontWidth*2){
   tran = 0;
}
mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
canvas.drawText(str,0,getMeasuredHeight()/2,mPaint);
invalidate();

TileMode 边缘填充模式

如果shader的大小小于view的大小时如何绘制其他没有被shader覆盖的区域?
跟最后一个参数有关,
-CLAMP
边缘拉伸,利用边缘的颜色,填充剩余部分
-REPEAT
在水平和垂直两个方向上重复,相邻图像没有间隙,重复shader
-MIRROR
以镜像的方式在水平和垂直两个方向上重复,相邻图像有间隙,镜面shader

LinearGradient linearGradient = new LinearGradient(0,0,getMeasuredWidth()/2,getMeasuredHeight()/2,Color.RED,Color.GREEN, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
canvas.drawRect(0,0,getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),mPaint);

CLAMP:

REPEAT:

MIRROR:

如果想要从对角线设置shader,图形最好是正方形这样比较好看设置:

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
   int width =  MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
    setMeasuredDimension(width,width);
}

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    super.onDraw(canvas);
    LinearGradient linearGradient = new LinearGradient(0,0,getMeasuredWidth()/2,getMeasuredHeight()/2,Color.RED,Color.GREEN, Shader.TileMode.MIRROR);
    mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
    canvas.drawRect(0,0,getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),mPaint);
}

android绘图之Paint(1)
android绘图之Canvas基础(2)
Android绘图之Path(3)
Android绘图之drawText绘制文本相关(4)
Android绘图之Canvas概念理解(5)
Android绘图之Canvas变换(6)
Android绘图之Canvas状态保存和恢复(7)
Android绘图之PathEffect (8)
Android绘图之LinearGradient线性渐变(9)
Android绘图之SweepGradient(10)
Android绘图之RadialGradient 放射渐变(11)
Android绘制之BitmapShader(12)
Android绘图之ComposeShader,PorterDuff.mode及Xfermode(13)
Android绘图之drawText,getTextBounds,measureText,FontMetrics,基线(14)
Android绘图之贝塞尔曲线简介(15)
Android绘图之PathMeasure(16)
Android 动态修改渐变 GradientDrawable

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