文字的意境— 许渊冲译《唐诗三百首》
之前看了一篇推荐许先生的《画说唐诗》的文，里面举的一个例子是先生翻译得李清照著名的那一首“寻寻觅觅、冷冷清清、凄凄惨惨戚戚”，对比了三个英译版本，许先生在英文里加了主语，而且不管是意境还是韵脚都十分美好。
于是找了一套许先生译的书来，共14本，准备一一拜读。
孔绍安 - 落叶 | 早秋惊落叶，飘零似客心。翻飞未肯下，犹言惜故林。
中文的诗词里常常会省略了主语，有种模糊朦胧的意境，日语充分学了这一点，也常常省略主语哈，不过正因为常常省略，所以日语说话会比较少转换主语，因此被动的使用相应地也会比较多吧。这一首落叶，许先生翻译成英文时分别加上了主语，一是英文表达习惯不会省主语（除了命令式吧），二是把泛指更具体到个人感受，代入感更强；就像法语主语on和nous的区别，有时候没什么区别，有时候指代的人又不同，全靠自行体会（结合上下文）。
FALLING LEAVES
In early autumn I'm sad to see falling leaves;
They're dreary like a roamer's heart which their fall grieves.
They twist and twirl as if struggling against the breeze;
I seem to hear them cry, "We will not leave our trees."
王勃 - 送杜少府之任蜀州 | 无为在歧路，儿女共沾巾。
At crossroads where we bid adieu, Do not shed tears as women do!
看到一个adieu，感觉好亲切，原来这也是英语词，又涨知识了。
但原诗说不要哭得跟孩子似的，为什么要译成表哭得跟娘儿们似的...
张若虚 - 春江花月夜 | 江畔何人初见月？江月何年初照人？
Who by the riverside did first see the moon rise?
When did the moon first see a man by riverside?
为了押韵加了个动词，感觉有点像整个画面都是静止的，只有一小部分是动态的那种图，月夜江畔人影独立，一切静默，一切寂寥，只有那轮月缓缓地升起，无情月照有情人。
王翰 - 凉州词 | 葡萄美酒夜光杯，欲饮琵琶马上催。 醉卧沙场君莫笑！古来征战几人回？
With wine of grapes the cups of jade would glow at night;
Drinking to pipa songs, we are summoned to fight.
Don't laugh if we lay drunken on the battleground!
How many warriors ever came back safe and sound?
这一首的中英文我都喜欢~~~要我翻的话，最后两句可能会用please don't laugh和came back safe结尾，音算能押上，但字形就差太多。许先生的safe and sound不仅地道，而且sound和ground看起来都长很像哪！
孟浩然 - 过故人庄 | 故人具鸡黍 My friend's prepared chicken and rice
这么直白么，没忍住笑出声来呀！！！
李白 - 长相思 | 孤灯不明思欲绝，卷帷望月空长叹。美人如花隔云端。
My lonely lamp burns dull, of longing I would die; Rolling up screens to view the moon, in vain I sigh. My flowerlike Beauty is high up as clouds in the sky.
凭心而论，“美人如花隔云端”和My flowerlike Beauty is high up as clouds in the sky. 虽然翻译得完全没问题，课意境差别不是一点点的呀...
李白 - 梦游天姥吟留别 | 安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜！
How can I stoop and bow before the men in power, And so deny myself a happy hour!
Happy Hour都出来了，赞一个！
杜甫 - 春望 | 感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。
Grieved o'er the years, flowers make us shed tears; Hating to part, hearing birds breaks our heart.
卢纶 - 塞下曲 | 独立扬新令，千营共一呼。
He gives an order out; together A thousand battalions shout, "Hail!"
这一声呼，太动感了 >_<
张籍 - 节妇吟 | 还君明珠双泪垂，恨不相逢未嫁时。
With your twin pearls I send back two tears from my eyes. Why did we not meet before I was made a wife?
白居易 - 长恨歌 | 天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。
Endowed with natural beauty too hard to hide,
She was chosen one day to be the monarch's bride.
崔护 - 题都城南庄 | 人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风。
I do not know today where the pink face has gone;
In vernal breeze still smile pink peach blossoms full-blown.
突然发觉古诗里写“春风”的好多，看到好多次vernal了。
元稹 - 离思 | 曾经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云。取次花丛懒回顾，半缘修道半缘君。
No water's wide enough when you have crossed the sea;
No cloud is beautiful but that which crowns the peak.
I pass by flowers which fail to attract poor me
Half for your sake and half for Taoism I seek.
杜牧 - 赤壁 | 折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝。东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。
We dig out broken halberds buried in the sand
And wash and rub these relics of an ancient war.
Had the east wind refused General Zhou a helping hand,
His foe'd have locked his fair wife on northern shore.
陈陶 - 陇西行 | 可怜无定河边骨，犹是春闺梦里人。
Alas! Their bones lie on riverside battleground,
But in dreams of their wives they still seem safe and sound.
崔珏 - 哭李商隐 | 虚负凌云万丈才，一生襟抱未曾开。
In vain you could have soared to the azure sky;
Before your long, long wings are fully spread, you die.
