导读

以模拟数据为案例，总结ggplot柱形图绘图参数。内容如下方目录所示，一共包含1-9个部分。

目录：
一 输入数据
二 画图：基础调整
1 初始图
2 X轴排序
3 count列排序
4 XY轴标签
三 主题调整
1 经典主题（无框、无网格、透明背景）
2 BW主题（黑框、网格、透明背景）
3 自定义（黑框、无网格、透明背景）
四 颜色调整
1 数值取色
2 渐变色
3 RColorBrewer取色
4 分组字符取色
5 自定义柱色
6 柱边取色
7 自定义柱边色
五 Legend调整
1 修改legend title和text
2 移动legend（下方）
六 柱形调整
1 柱边粗细
2 柱间宽度/间距
3 翻转90度
七 字体调整
1 X Y Legend 标题加粗、加大
2 X Y Legend 文本加粗、加大
八 XY轴调整
1 坐标轴范围
2 柱距X轴距离
3 坐标轴线粗细
4 外框粗细
5 坐标轴刻度粗细
九 添加更多元素
1 加数字（大小、位置、颜色、字体）
2 加点（型号、大小、颜色）
3 加直线（线型、颜色、粗细）

一、输入数据（含分组）

count = rep(1:4, 3)
group = paste("color", rep(1:3, each=4), sep="_")
data = data.frame(count, group)

二、画图：基础调整

1 初始图

library(ggplot2)
ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity")

2 X轴排序

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data)))

3 count列排序

tmp = data[order(data$count, decreasing=F),]
ggplot(tmp, mapping=aes(x=rownames(tmp), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(tmp)))

4 XY轴标签

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count")

三、主题调整

1 经典主题（无框、无网格、透明背景）

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_classic()

2 BW主题（黑框、网格、透明背景）

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw()

3 自定义（黑框、无网格、透明背景）

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme(panel.grid=element_blank(), panel.background=element_rect(color="black", fill="transparent"))

更多参考：https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html

四、颜色调整

1 数值取色

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw()

2 渐变色

colors <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "black"))(12)
ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", fill=colors) +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw()

3 RColorBrewer取色

library(RColorBrewer)
ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity",  fill=brewer.pal(12, "Set3")) +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw()

4 分组字符取色

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw()

5 自定义柱色

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw() +
scale_fill_manual(
    values=c("color_1"="red", "color_2"="green", "color_3"="blue"), 
    labels=c("red", "green", "blue"))

6 柱边取色

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw()

7 自定义柱边色

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, color=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", fill="grey") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count") +
theme_bw() +
scale_color_manual(
    values=c("color_1"="red", "color_2"="green", "color_3"="blue"), 
    labels=c("red", "green", "blue"))

五、Legend调整

1 修改legend title和text

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
scale_fill_manual(
    values=c("color_1"="red", "color_2"="green", "color_3"="blue"), 
    labels=c("G1", "G2", "G3"))

2 移动legend（下方）

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom")

六、柱形调整

1 柱边粗细

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black", size=2) +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom")

2 柱间宽度/间距

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black", width=1) +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom")

3 翻转90度

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
coord_flip()

七、字体调整

1 X Y Legend 标题加粗、加大

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
theme(legend.title=element_text(face="bold", size=20)) +
theme(axis.title.x=element_text(face="bold", size=20)) +
theme(axis.title.y=element_text(face="bold", size=20))

2 X Y Legend 文本加粗、加大

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
theme(legend.text=element_text(face="bold", size=20)) +
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(face="bold", size=20)) +
theme(axis.text.y=element_text(face="bold", size=20))

八、XY轴调整

1 坐标轴范围

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
ylim(c(0, 6))

2 柱距X轴距离

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0))

3 坐标轴线粗细

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0.1)) +
theme(axis.line = element_line(size = 2))

4 外框粗细

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0.1)) +
theme(panel.background=element_rect(color="black", size=2))

5 坐标轴刻度粗细

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0, 0.1)) +
theme(axis.ticks = element_line(size = 2))

九、添加更多元素

1 添加标签（大小、位置、颜色、字体）

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
geom_text(aes(label = count, y = count/2), size=5, color="white", family="serif")

2 加点（型号、大小、颜色）

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
geom_point(pch=21, aes(fill=group), color="black", size=2) +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
geom_text(aes(label = count, y = count/2), size=5)

3 加直线（线型、颜色、粗细）

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
geom_point(pch=21, aes(fill=group), color="black", size=2) +
geom_line(aes(group=group), linetype="dashed", color="skyblue", size=2) +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
geom_text(aes(label = count, y = count/2), size=5)

4 添加误差棒（宽度）

geom_errorbar(aes(ymax=x+sd,ymin=x-sd))

ggplot(data, mapping=aes(x=rownames(data), y=count, fill=group)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", color="black") +
geom_point(pch=21, aes(fill=group), color="black", size=2) +
scale_x_discrete(limits=factor(rownames(data))) +
labs(x="Sample", y="Number of Count", fill="Group") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position="bottom") +
geom_text(aes(label = count, y = count/2), size=5) +
geom_errorbar(aes(ymax = count+0.1, ymin = count-0.1), width=0.2)

5 添加X轴分组

给geom_bar geom_errorbar geom_text添加分组：position=position_dodge(1)
个人文件取色，配色：scale_fill_manual(values=value, labels=label)

文件准备：

color = read.table("group_color.list", header=F, comment.char="")
# 从个人文件中取色
data2 = data.frame(data, color=as.character(unique(data$count)))

个人文件取色：

value = c()
label = c()
for(i in 1:length(unique(data$count)))
{
    label = c(label, as.character(data2$color)[i])
    value = c(value, as.character(color[,1])[i])
}

绘图：

ggplot(data2, aes(x=group, fill=color, y=count))+
geom_bar(stat="identity", position=position_dodge(1)) +
labs(x='', y='Count', fill="Color") +
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0, max(data[,1])+max(data[,1])/2), expand=c(0, 0)) +
theme_classic() +
geom_errorbar(aes(ymax=count+0.5, ymin=count-0.5), width=0.2, position=position_dodge(1)) +
scale_fill_manual(values=value, labels=label) +
geom_text(aes(label=count, y=count+2*0.5), position=position_dodge(1))

一组柱形图参数

ggplot(alpha, aes(x=id, y=alpha, fill=source)) +
  geom_col(position="stack") +
  theme_classic() +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("Colon"="#00BA38",
                               "Stool"="#F8766D",
                               "Ileum"="#619CFF")) +
  theme(legend.text=element_text(size=15),
        legend.title=element_text(face='bold', size=20)) +
  labs(x="", 
       y="Shannon index", 
       fill="Source") +
  theme(title = element_text(size = 15, face="bold")) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0),
                     limits = c(0, 5)) +
  theme(axis.title = element_text(size = 25),
        axis.text.y = element_text(size = 18),
        axis.line = element_line(size = 1),
        axis.ticks = element_line(size = 1)) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 60, 
                                 hjust = 1, 
                                 size = 20,
                                 color = alpha$color))

更新于2020.9.17😀😀