小记Activity生命周期（onCreate）
干了Android将近有4年，发现自己的技术在一年前就停滞不前，于是乎准备从头开始巩固下自己之前学到的东西，然后利用文章的形式，寻找自己对于Android了解不太清除的地方。
作为一个初级Android开发者想必应该看过这张图
image
这张图是developer.android里Activity介绍最著名的生命周期图
如图所示 Activity共有7大生命周期（13年初级程序员在面试的时候经常问的问题），onCreate，onStart，onResume，onRestart,onPause,onStop,onDestroy。
onCreate
首先，我们来看onCreate。官网给onCreate做了一段解释
Called when the activity is first created. This is where you should do all of your normal static set up: create views, bind data to lists, etc. This method also provides you with a Bundle containing the activity's previously frozen state, if there was one.
Always followed byonStart().
下面就由我这个英语不咋样的解释下这段话的意思（若有错误，欢迎指出）
当Activity初次创建时，该方法会被调用，在这里去做一些普通的静态设置例如：创建View，绑定list的数据等等，如果之前存在activity并被冻结，该方法会返回一个Bundle包
后面一般会跟随执行onStart()
官方说的很简单，onCreate就是在初始化时调用，对于normal static set up我的理解就是不耗时的操作，这里也提到了返回Bundle包，这里的Bundle包配合onSaveInstanceState使用。**
再来看Activity中onCreate的源码
在Activity类里，onCreate会有两个方法：
@MainThread
@CallSuper
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState)
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState, @Nullable PersistableBundle persistentState) { onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
其中有两个参数的onCreate明显又调用了onCreate(savedInstanceState);
所以首先我们来看onCreate的注释
/** * Called when the activity is starting. This is where most initialization
should go: calling {@link #setContentView(int)} to inflate the
activity's UI, using {@link #findViewById} to programmatically interact
with widgets in the UI, calling
{@link #managedQuery(android.net.Uri , String[], String, String[], String)} to retrieve
cursors for data being displayed, etc. *
*You can call {@link #finish} from within this function, in
which case onDestroy() will be immediately called without any of the rest
of the activity lifecycle ({@link #onStart}, {@link #onResume},
{@link #onPause}, etc) executing. *
*Derived classes must call through to the super class's
** implementation of this method. If they do not, an exception will be thrown.*
@param savedInstanceState If the activity is being re-initialized after
previously being shut down then this Bundle contains the data it most
recently supplied in {@link #onSaveInstanceState}.
Note: Otherwise it is null.
*@see #onStart
*@see #onSaveInstanceState
*@see #onRestoreInstanceState
*@see #onPostCreate */
这段注释就写的比较详细了，首先也是告诉大家avtivity初始时会调用，后面这段讲解了什么是normal static set up，大多数是一些初始化：例如setContentView，findViewById，managedQuery（这个大家可能不熟悉，就是activity提供的一个数据处理功能，并且帮助我们管理Cursor的生命周期）
第二段告诉大家，在onCreate里可以直接执行finish方法，并且会回调onDestroy，将不执行onStart，onResume，onPause等生命周期
第三段告诉大家，关于实现继承报错的事情，无关紧要啦
最后一段 主要讲了 savedInstanceState的用途（也就是官方文档说的Bundle）大体意思和官方文档说的差不多，需要onSaveInstanceState里设置Bundle的值，并且说明其他情况savedInstanceState的值均为空，最后附了几个链接。
然后我们来看onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState, @Nullable PersistableBundle persistentState)的注释
/** * Same as {@link #onCreate(android.os.Bundle)} but called for those activities created with
- the attribute {@link android.R.attr#persistableMode} set to
persistAcrossReboots.
*@param savedInstanceState if the activity is being re-initialized after- previously being shut down then this Bundle contains the data it most
- recently supplied in {@link #onSaveInstanceState}.
Note: Otherwise it is null.
*@param persistentState if the activity is being re-initialized after
- previously being shut down or powered off then this Bundle contains the data it most
- recently supplied to outPersistentState in {@link #onSaveInstanceState}.
Note: Otherwise it is null.
*@see #onCreate(android.os.Bundle)
- @see #onStart * @see #onSaveInstanceState * @see #onRestoreInstanceState * @see #onPostCreate */
注释说明该方法和onCreate(android.os.Bundle)差不多，但是多出一个savedInstanceState 的参数，并且说明了将persistableMode这个属性设置为persistAcrossReboots时才会调用该方法，我查了下资料，说这个persistableMode是5.0后提供的为了数据持久化做的新的actvitiy属性。
persistableMode分为三个值persistNever（不启用）persistRootOnly（根activity或task中）persistAcrossReboots（重启设备）
这三个参数让我郁闷了很久，于是在6.0的小米机子上做了个实验，老是不灵，重启设备后永远拿不到存的值，后来做了如下处理
首先我将activity的属性persistableMode设置成了
<activity
android:name=".test.activitys.AllActivitys"
android:persistableMode="persistAcrossReboots"
android:screenOrientation="portrait" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
然后
在activity里重写了如下代码
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.test_activity);
Toast.makeText(this, "onCreate", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState, @Nullable PersistableBundle persistentState) {
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate2");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
if (persistentState != null) {
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate2 persistentState " + persistentState.getString("key"));
}
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("save", MODE_PRIVATE);
String key = sharedPreferences.getString("key", "");
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate2 sharedPreferences " + key);
//清空之前存储的东西
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
editor.putString("key", "");
editor.commit();
}
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState, persistentState);
setContentView(R.layout.test_activity);
Toast.makeText(this, "onCreate2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
info = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.info);
info.setText(info.getText() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis() + "onCreate2 \n");
}
@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
Log.e(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState");
Toast.makeText(this, "onSaveInstanceState", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
info.setText(info.getText() + " " + System.currentTimeMillis() + "onSaveInstanceState \n");
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
outPersistentState.putString("key", "我是重启前的onSaveInstanceState数据");
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("save", MODE_PRIVATE);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();//获取编辑器
editor.putString("key", "我是重启前的SharedPreferences数据");
editor.commit();//提交修改
}
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
}
首先来看执行效果，当打开activity时，log如下所示
开启activity log
如源码所示，先执行带有PersistableBundle的onCreate后执行 onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
此时我们重新启动
重启设备log
当手机黑屏的瞬间执行了这些
当我们重启手机完成后，发现没有获取到我们想要的
“我是重启前的onSaveInstanceState数据”
重启后重新打开App log
然后看官方对persistableMode的解释
官方解释
由于我的activity设置了android.intent.action.MAIN，也就保证了我的activity在task中处于root下，在此activity上也没有任何activity，所以官方说的following a reboot，that PersistableBundle will be provided back to activity in its onCreate() method
并没有真正意义的实现，可能是我实现时哪里出了差错，求大神指定迷津
到这里，对于activity的onCreate差不多把自己的理解记录的七七八八，最后总结下。
