以太坊智能合约---helloworld
2019-09-29 本文已影响0人
JC86
以下会说两种方法部署智能合约
第一种使用以太坊客户端 deploy方法，这种方法比较繁琐复杂，但是对应理解部署原理比较有用
第二种是使用trffle框架，这种方法基本是配置+命令，部署起来比较方便，开发效率会较第一种高。
一、以太坊客户端(geth)
Environment:
Solidity v0.5.1
1、合约编写
创建helloworld.sol, 内容如下:
pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.6.0;
contract HelloWorld{
address payable creator;
string greeting;
constructor() public {
creator = msg.sender;
greeting = "hello world";
}
function greet() view public returns (string memory) {
return greeting;
}
function setGreeting(string memory _newgreeting) public {
greeting = _newgreeting;
}
function kill() public{
if (msg.sender == creator)
selfdestruct(creator); // kills this contract and sends remaining funds back to creator
}
}
2、合约编译
执行以下命令，得出abi文件HelloWorld.abi和bytecode文件HelloWorld.bin
注意:我安装的是mac版的solidity编译器
solc helloworld.sol --abi --bin -o ./
3、连接私链
geth attach ipc://Users/JC/Documents/project/grg_blockchain/tmp/test/data1/geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/v1.7.4-stable-03c7946b/darwin-amd64/go1.10.3
validator: 0x564eec478efa01313d458b7b6a2edf124cc51fbf
coinbase: 0x564eec478efa01313d458b7b6a2edf124cc51fbf
at block: 33 (Fri, 20 Sep 2019 14:52:07 CST)
datadir: /Users/JC/Documents/project/grg_blockchain/tmp/test/data0
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 gdpos:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
>
解锁账户
personal.unlockAccount(eth.coinbase, "123456", 0)
4、部署合约
把HelloWorld.abi文件的内容copy给变量api
abi=[{"constant":false,"inputs":[],"name":"kill","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"_newgreeting","type":"string"}],"name":"setGreeting","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"greet","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"}]
把HelloWorld.bin文件的内容copy给变量bytecode
注意: 前面要加'0x'
bytecode="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"
创建一个contact对象:
helloworldContract=eth.contract(abi)
创建一个实例:
helloworld = helloworldContract.new(
{
from: eth.coinbase,
data: bytecode,
gas: '4300000'
}, function (e, contract){
console.log(e, contract);
if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {
console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);
}
})
得到的结果:
> helloworld = helloworldContract.new(
... {
...... from: eth.coinbase,
...... data: bytecode,
...... gas: '4300000'
...... }, function (e, contract){
...... console.log(e, contract);
...... if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {
......... console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);
......... }
...... })
null [object Object]
{
abi: [{
constant: false,
inputs: [],
name: "kill",
outputs: [],
payable: false,
stateMutability: "nonpayable",
type: "function"
}, {
constant: false,
inputs: [{...}],
name: "setGreeting",
outputs: [],
payable: false,
stateMutability: "nonpayable",
type: "function"
}, {
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "greet",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
stateMutability: "view",
type: "function"
}, {
inputs: [],
payable: false,
stateMutability: "nonpayable",
type: "constructor"
}],
address: undefined,
transactionHash: "0xfaf6fa7c57ec8394da2e3650ec39da3ce681cb2182c26dc627c256f18cfb09e7"
}
> null [object Object]
Contract mined! address: 0xbc7384998a5453a41bc51c1aa0f252034b57b986 transactionHash: 0xfaf6fa7c57ec8394da2e3650ec39da3ce681cb2182c26dc627c256f18cfb09e7
结果打印了合约地址和交易hash
可以用实例调用合约函数
> helloworld.greet.call()
"hello world"
如果有上面结果，证明合约部署已经成功
5、其他账户调用合约
跟步骤3一样连接另外一个节点
执行一下命令：
> abi=[{"constant":false,"inputs":[],"name":"kill","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"_newgreeting","type":"string"}],"name":"setGreeting","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"greet","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"}]
> MyContract = eth.contract(abi) #这时候就体现了abi的重要性，相当于接口的描述文档
> contractAddress = "0xbc7384998a5453a41bc51c1aa0f252034b57b986" #这个地址就是合约地址
> myContract = MyContract.at(contractAddress)
> myContract.greet.call()
"hello world"
如果出现上述结果，证明调用也成功了。
注意: Solidity我这里用了v0.5.1, 开始我用v0.5.11没成功，原因我没去找
二、使用Truffle框架
Environment:
Truffle v5.0.35 (core: 5.0.35)
Solidity v0.5.8 (solc-js)
Node v12.10.0
Web3.js v1.2.1
1、Truffle安装
npm install -g truffle@5.0.35
2、Truffle客户端
我这里选择的了第二种
3、 创建工程目录
打开你的terminal选择好你放合约工程的目录
mkdir HelloWorld
4、初始化工程
cd HelloWorld
truffle init
执行完后看到以下目录结构:
├── contracts
│ └── Migrations.sol
├── migrations
│ └── 1_initial_migration.js
├── test
└── truffle-config.js
- contract/ - Truffle默认的合约文件存放地址
- migrations/ - 存放发布脚本文件
- test/ - 用来测试应用和合约的测试文件
- truffle-config.js - Truffle的配置文件
5、编写自己的合约
在目录contracts里创建HelloWorld.sol文件，内容为：
pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.6.0;
contract HelloWorld{
address payable creator;
string greeting;
constructor() public {
creator = msg.sender;
greeting = "hello world";
}
function greet() view public returns (string memory) {
return greeting;
}
function setGreeting(string memory _newgreeting) public {
greeting = _newgreeting;
}
function kill() public{
if (msg.sender == creator)
selfdestruct(creator); // kills this contract and sends remaining funds back to creator
}
}
6、增加发布脚本
在目录migrations里创建2_initial_helloworld.js文件，内容为
const HelloWorld = artifacts.require("HelloWorld");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(HelloWorld);
};
7、编译
在工程目录HelloWorld目录下，执行：
truffle compile
打印一下信息代表编译通过:
➜ HelloWorld truffle compile
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling ./contracts/HelloWorld.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Artifacts written to /Users/JC/Documents/project/grg_blockchain/tmp/test/contract/HelloWorld/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
- solc: 0.5.8+commit.23d335f2.Emscripten.clang
8、启动geth客户端
这是我启动的geth客户端，rpc端口为8100
geth_test --datadir ./data0 --targetgaslimit 0x5000000000 --nmsaddr 127.0.0.1:9100 --rpc --rpcaddr 127.0.0.1 --rpcport 8100 --port 30300 --rpccorsdomain data0 data1 data2 gdpos_genesis.json --rpcapi db,eth,net,web3,personal --networkid 10001
修改配置文件truffle-config.js
networks: {
// Useful for testing. The `development` name is special - truffle uses it by default
// if it's defined here and no other network is specified at the command line.
// You should run a client (like ganache-cli, geth or parity) in a separate terminal
// tab if you use this network and you must also set the `host`, `port` and `network_id`
// options below to some value.
//
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1", // Localhost (default: none)
port: 8100, // Standard Ethereum port (default: none)
network_id: "*", // Any network (default: none)
},
9、部署合约
truffle migrate
出现以下错误:
HelloWorld truffle migrate
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name: 'development'
> Network id: 1357
> Block gas limit: 0x5000000000
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Deploying 'Migrations'
----------------------
Error: Error: Error: *** Deployment Failed ***
"Migrations" -- Returned error: authentication needed: password or unlock.
at Object.run (/Users/JC/.nvm/versions/node/v12.10.0/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/migrate/index.js:96:1)
at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:93:5)
Truffle v5.0.35 (core: 5.0.35)
Node v12.10.0
原因是账号没有解锁
解锁如下:
geth_test attach ipc://Users/JC/Documents/project/grg_blockchain/tmp/test/data0/geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/v1.7.4-stable-03c7946b/darwin-amd64/go1.10.3
validator: 0x564eec478efa01313d458b7b6a2edf124cc51fbf
coinbase: 0x564eec478efa01313d458b7b6a2edf124cc51fbf
at block: 2674 (Sun, 08 Sep 2019 15:05:28 CST)
datadir: /Users/JC/Documents/project/grg_blockchain/tmp/test/data0
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 gdpos:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.coinbase)
Unlock account 0x564eec478efa01313d458b7b6a2edf124cc51fbf
Passphrase:
true
账号解锁完后重新执行truffle migrate
HelloWorld truffle migrate
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name: 'development'
> Network id: 1357
> Block gas limit: 0x5000000000
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Deploying 'Migrations'
----------------------
> transaction hash: 0x5383f376c5e4b8250720c420265892094ed4f840606b52a2528842cd4757a866
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 4
> contract address: 0x9beed20097892e30918E211434aE75b85B58C871
> block number: 2830
> block timestamp: 1567926878
> account: 0x76EFB705ccE44Eb65e684c4bFa8ebDa6EbF5baFd
> balance: 4382.72737498
> gas used: 251300
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.005026 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.005026 ETH
2_initial_helloworld.js
=======================
Deploying 'HelloWorld'
----------------------
> transaction hash: 0xa6c1bcce50a03dd20b2d50f11221df0ef8dce5a1ebd3a50279489f8e04c30a01
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 0
> contract address: 0x9171D0789DF9F488321D07C404A2A6F9b3d9737A
> block number: 2832
> block timestamp: 1567926880
> account: 0x76EFB705ccE44Eb65e684c4bFa8ebDa6EbF5baFd
> balance: 4382.71963578
> gas used: 344932
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.00689864 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.00689864 ETH
Summary
=======
> Total deployments: 2
> Final cost: 0.01192464 ETH
10、运行合约
truffle console # 进入命令行模式
truffle(development)> helloworld=await HelloWorld.deployed()
undefined
truffle(development)> helloworld.greet.call()
'hello world'
truffle(development)> helloworld.setGreeting("Hi world")
{
tx: '0x4a518f5fad55e087cb058dc84aaa2e61d5c94fa735ea54a6439cf0e1cd36f68f',
receipt: {
blockHash: '0x6a2a41ac78f7f469ab4d4add98be0a5ab1b0079d7566ce2be37715e1877cb919',
blockNumber: 2890,
contractAddress: null,
cumulativeGasUsed: 33464,
from: '0x76efb705cce44eb65e684c4bfa8ebda6ebf5bafd',
gasUsed: 33464,
logs: [],
logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
status: true,
to: '0x9171d0789df9f488321d07c404a2a6f9b3d9737a',
transactionHash: '0x4a518f5fad55e087cb058dc84aaa2e61d5c94fa735ea54a6439cf0e1cd36f68f',
transactionIndex: 0,
type: 0,
rawLogs: []
},
logs: []
}
truffle(development)> helloworld.greet.call()
'Hi world'
参考:
github原文链接
以太坊智能合约Hello World示例程序
以太坊私有链下智能合约部署
用Solidity在Truffle上构建一个HelloWorld智能合约
solidity中文文档
solidity英文版
