SQL50题
数据表介绍
--1.学生表 Student(SId, Sname, Sage, Ssex)
SId 学生编号, Sname 学生姓名, Sage 出生年月, Ssex 学生性别
--2.课程表 Course(CId, Cname, TId)
CId 课程编号, Cname 课程名称, TId 教师编号
--3.教师表 Teacher(TId, Tname)
TId 教师编号, Tname 教师姓名
--4.成绩表 SC(SId, CId, score)
SId 学生编号, CId 课程编号, score 分数
学生表 Student:
create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');
科目表 Course:
create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
教师表 Teacher:
create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
成绩表 SC:
create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);
题目:
- 1.1 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
- 1.2 查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况
- 1.3 查询存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程的情况 (不存在时显示为 null)
- 1.4 查询不存在"01"课程但存在"02"课程的情况
- 2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩
- 3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
- 4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩 (没成绩的显示为 null)
- 4.1 查有成绩的学生信息
- 5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量
- 6. 查询学过张三老师授课的同学的信息
- 7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
- 8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
- 9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
- 10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
- 11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
- 12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
- 13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
- 14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
- 以如下形式显示:
- 课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
- (及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90)
- 要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
- 15. 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
- 15.1 按各科成绩进行行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次
- 16. 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
- 16.1 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺
- 17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
- 18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录
- 19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
- 20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
- 21. 查询男生、女生人数
- 22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
- 23. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
- 24. 查询 1990 年年出生的学生名单
- 25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
- 26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
- 27. 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
- 28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
- 29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
- 30. 查询不及格的课程
- 31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名
- 32. 求每门课程的学生人数
- 33. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 34. 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
- 36. 查询每门成绩最好的前两名 (同18题)
- 37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
- 38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
- 39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
- 40. 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
- 41. 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
- 42. 查询本周过生日的学生
- 43. 查询下周过生日的学生
- 44. 查询本月过生日的学生
- 45. 查询下月过生日的学生
- 附加题:复购率计算
1.1 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
直接在原表中不好比较,自交
select s.*, c.CId, c.score
from student s left join sc c on s.SId = c.SId
where s.SId in( select a.SId
from (select * from sc where CId = 01) a inner join
(select * from sc where CId = 02) b
on a.SId = b.SId
where a.score > b.score
group by a.SId );
除了用关联子查询,还可以用联结:
select 学号, 课程号, 成绩
from 成绩表 as a
where 成绩>
(select avg(成绩)
from 成绩表 as b
where a.课程号=b.课程号
group by 课程号);
select a.学号, a.课程号, a.成绩
from 成绩表 a left join
(select 课程号, avg(成绩) as 平均成绩
from 成绩表
group by 课程号) b
on a.课程号 = b.课程号
where a.成绩 > b.平均成绩;
select emp, sj, date
from empo as a
where date <
(select date
from empo as b
where a.sj = b.emp
group by emp);
select a.emp, a.date, b.emp, b.date
from empo a left join empo b
on a.sj = b.emp
where a.date < b.date;
1.2 查询同时存在"01"课程和"02"课程的情况
同时存在,内联结
select *
from (select * from sc where CId=01) a inner join
(select * from sc where CId=02) b
on a.SId = b.SId
1.3 查询存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程的情况 (不存在时显示为 null)
可能不存在其中一项,左/右联结
select *
from (select * from sc where CId=01) a left join
(select * from sc where CId=02) b
on a.SId = b.SId;
1.4 查询不存在"01"课程但存在"02"课程的情况
不存在"01"课程说明关联表"01"课程信息为null,但存在"02"课程说明关联表"02"课程信息存在
select *
from (select * from sc where CId=01) a right join
(select * from sc where CId=02) b
on a.SId = b.SId
where a.SId is null;
2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩
select a.SId, b.Sname, avg(a.score) as 平均成绩
from sc a inner join Student b
on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId
having avg(a.score) > 60;
3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
select *
from student
where SId in ( select SId from sc where score is not null);
4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩 (没成绩的显示
为 null)
select a.SId, a.Sname, count(b.CId) as 选课总数, sum(b.score) as 总成绩
from student a left join sc b
on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId;
4.1 查有成绩的学生信息
和3有什么区别
5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量
select count(*)
from teacher
where Tname like '李%';
6. 查询学过张三老师授课的同学的信息
-- 1
select a.*
from student a right join sc b on a.SId = b.SId right join
course c on b.CId = c.CId right join teacher d on c.TId = d.TId
where d.Tname = '张三';
-- 2
select s.*
from sc LEFT JOIN student s
on sc.SId = s.SId
where CId =(
select CId
from course c
where TId =(
select TId
from teacher t
where Tname ='张三'));
7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
没有学全=排除学全了的学生剩下的
select *
from student
where SId not in (
select SId
from sc
group by SId
having count(distinct(CId)) = (select count(course.CId) from course));
8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
select *
from student
where SId IN (
select SId
from sc
where SId !=01 and
CId in( select CId
from sc
where SId=01));
至少有一门课相同,排除和他没有一门课相同的、有课的学生后剩下的学生
select *
from student
where SId in (select SId from sc where score is not null and SId != '01') and
SId not in (select SId from sc where CId not in (select CId from sc where SId = '01'));
9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
-- 课程数相同的
select * from student
where SId in
(select SId from
(select * from sc a where CId in (select CId from sc where SId=01))b
group by SId
having count(CId) =(select count(CId) from sc c where SId=01))
and SId !=01;
-- 2
select sid
from sc
where sid != '01'
group by sid
having group_concat(cid) = (select group_concat(cid) from SC where sid = '01');
group_concat() : https://www.cnblogs.com/rxhuiu/p/9134009.html
10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
多层嵌套或者多表联结
select Sname
from student
where SId not in (select SId
from sc
where CId = (select CId
from course
where TId = (select TId
from teacher
where Tname = '张三'))
group by SId);
select Sname
from student
where SId not in
(select a.SId
from sc as a inner join course b on a.CId = b.CId
inner join teacher c on b.TId = c.TId
where Tname = '张三');
11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
select a.SId, a.Sname, avg(b.score)
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
where a.SId in(
select SId
from sc
where score < 60
group by SId
having count(*) > 1)
group by SId;
12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
select a.*
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
where b.CId = '01' and b.score < 60
group by b.SId
order by b.score desc;
13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
select a.SId, a.CId, a.score, b.avscore
from sc a left join
(select SId, avg(score) as avscore
from sc
group by SId) b on a.SId = b.SId
order by avscore desc;
注意,1.多表联结后形成的表; 2.自身联结后形成的表(自交);
14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
以如下形式显示:
课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率
(及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90)
要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
-- 1
select a.CId, b.Cname, count(a.SId) as 选修人数, max(a.score) as 最高分, min(score) as 最低分, avg(score) as 平均分,
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 及格率,
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score > 70 and a.score < 80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 中等率,
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score >= 80 and a.score < 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 优良率,
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score >= 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(SId)*100,2), '%') as 优良率
from sc a inner join course b on a.CId = b.CId
group by a.CId
order by count(a.SId) desc, a.CId;
-- 2
select CId, count(SId), max(score), min(score), avg(score),
sum(及格)/count(SId) as 及格率,
sum(中等)/count(SId) as 中等率,
sum(优良)/count(SId) as 优良率,
sum(优秀)/count(SId) as 优秀率
from (select *,
case when score>=60 then 1 else 0 end as 及格,
case when score>=70 and score<80 then 1 else 0 end as 中等 ,
case when score>=80 and score<90 then 1 else 0 end as 优良 ,
case when score>=90 then 1 else 0 end as 优秀
from sc) a
group by CId
order by count(SId) desc, CId
15. 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
https://www.jianshu.com/p/476b52ee4f1b
15.1 按各科成绩进行行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次
16. 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
16.1 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺
17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
select a.CId, b.Cname,
sum(case when a.score between 85 and 100 then 1 else 0 end) as '[100-85]人数',
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score between 85 and 100 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比',
sum(case when a.score < 85 and score >= 70 then 1 else 0 end) as '[85-70]人数',
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score < 85 and score >= 70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比',
sum(case when a.score < 70 and score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[70-60]人数',
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score < 70 and score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比',
sum(case when a.score < 60 then 1 else 0 end) as '[60-0]人数',
concat( truncate(sum(case when a.score < 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(a.SId)*100,2), '%') as '占比'
from sc a inner join course b on a.CId = b.CId
group by a.CId;
其中
- case when a.score >=70 then 1 else 0 end可以替换为 if (a.score >=70 , 1, 0);
- truncate( a, 2)表示将a的小数保留2位;
- concat(b, '%')表示将两部分合并成一部分;
18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录
各科成绩排名,但是不能显示每组前3条(不能group by 了以后取limit):
select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.CId, a.SId
order by a.CId, a.score desc;
一种是用union(比较繁琐):
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
where CId = 01 order by score desc limit 3)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
where CId = 02 order by score desc limit 3)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
where CId = 03 order by score desc limit 3);
其他方式,先用自己交自己,条件为a.cid = b.cid and a.score < b.score,其实就是列出同一门课内所有分数比较的情况(https://www.jianshu.com/p/476b52ee4f1b):
select a.cid, a.sid, a.score
from sc a left join sc b
on a.cid = b.cid and a.score < b.score
group by a.cid, a.sid
having count(b.cid) < 3
order by a.cid;
各步骤比较:
366=108条
19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select CId, count(CId)
from sc
group by CId;
20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
-- 多表联结查询
select a.SId, b.Sname
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId
having count(a.CId) = 2;
-- 嵌套子查询
select SId,Sname
from student
where SId in (
select SId from sc
group by SId
having count(CId) = 2);
21. 查询男生、女生人数
select Ssex, count(*)
from student
group by Ssex;
22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
select *
from student
where Sname like '%风%';
23. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
select Sname,count(Sname)
from student
group by Sname
having count(Sname) > 1;
24. 查询 1990 年年出生的学生名单
select *
from student
where Sage like '1990%';
select *
from student
where YEAR(student.Sage)=1990;
25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
select CId, avg(score)
from sc
group by CId
order by avg(score) desc, CId;
26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
嵌套或者联结
select a.SId, b.Sname, avg(a.score)
from sc a inner join student b
on a.SId = b.SId
group by a.SId
having avg(a.score)>=85;
27. 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
select b.Sname, a.score
from sc a inner join student b
on a.SId = b.SId
where a.score < 60 and
a.CId = ( select CId
from course
where Cname = '数学');
28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
select a.Sname, a.SId, b.CId, b.score
from student a left join sc b
on a.SId = b.SId;
29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
select a.Sname, c.Cname, b.score
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
inner join course c on b.CId = c.CId
where b.score > 70;
30. 查询不及格的课程
select CId
from sc
where score < 60;
没讲清楚具体的意思(课程名字还是ID)
31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名
-- 子查询/多表联结
select SId, Sname
from student
where SId in
(select SId
from sc
where CId = '01' and score >= 80);
32. 求每门课程的学生人数
select CId, count(SId) as 选课人数
from sc
group by CId;
33. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
-- 1
select b.score, a.*
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
inner join course c on c.CId = b.CId
inner join teacher d on d.TId = c.TId
where Tname = '张三'
order by b.score desc
limit 1;
-- 2
select a.*, b.score
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
inner join course c on c.CId = b.CId
inner join teacher d on d.TId = c.TId
where Tname = '张三'
having max(b.score);
34. 成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
36. 查询每门成绩最好的前两名 (同18题)
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
where CId = 01 order by score desc limit 2)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
where CId = 02 order by score desc limit 2)
union all
(select a.CId, a.score, b.*
from sc a inner join student b on a.SId = b.SId
where CId = 03 order by score desc limit 2);
37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
select CId, count(SId) as 选课人数
from sc
group by CId
having count(SId) > 5;
38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select SId
from sc
group by SId
having count(CId) > 1;
39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
select a.*
from student a inner join sc b on a.SId = b.SId
group by b.SId
having count(b.CId) = (select count(CId) from course);
40. 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
select SId, Sname, year(Sage) as 出生年份, year(now())-year(Sage) as 年龄
from student;
41. 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
-- 一般都用这个方法精确到天
select SId as 学生编号, Sname as 学生姓名, TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, Sage, CURDATE()) as 学生年龄
from student;
-- 2
select Sid, Sname,
case when (DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%m-%d')- DATE_FORMAT(Sage,'%m-%d')) <0
-- 用date()却不行
then year(now())-year(Sage)-1
else year(now())-year(Sage)
end as 年龄
from student;
TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit,begin,end)
TIMESTAMPDIFF
函数返回begin-end
的结果,其中begin
和end
是DATE或DATETIME表达式。
TIMESTAMPDIFF
函数允许其参数具有混合类型,例如,begin
是DATE
值,end
可以是DATETIME
值。 如果使用DATE
值,则TIMESTAMPDIFF
函数将其视为时间部分为“00:00:00”
的DATETIME
值。
unit
参数是确定(end-begin
)的结果的单位,表示为整数。 以下是有效单位:
- MICROSECOND
- SECOND
- MINUTE
- HOUR
- DAY
- WEEK
- MONTH
- QUARTER
- YEAR
42. 查询本周过生日的学生
select *
from student
where week(Sage) = week(now());
week() 和 weekofyear()的区别:https://www.yiibai.com/sql/sql-weekofyear-function.html
weekofyear()是一个兼容性函数,它等效于WEEK(date,3)
sql日期函数: https://www.yiibai.com/sql/sql-date-functions.html
43. 查询下周过生日的学生
select *
from student
where week(Sage) = week(now())+1;
44. 查询本月过生日的学生
select *
from student
where month(Sage) = month(now());
45. 查询下月过生日的学生
select *
from student
where month(Sage) = month(now())+1;
复购率计算:
select a.商品ID,
count(a.times) as '购买人数',
sum(if(a.times >1,1,0)) as '重复购买人数',
sum(if(a.times >1,1,0))/count(a.times) as '复购率'
from (select 商品ID, 用户ID, count(用户ID) as times
from userbehavior
where 行为类型 = 'buy'
group by 商品ID, 用户ID) as a
group by a.商品ID;