netty程序员

netty极简教程(五):Netty的Reactor模型演进及J

2020-06-28  本文已影响0人  jsbintask

介绍了jdk实现nio的关键Selector以及SelectableChannel,了解了它的原理,就明白了netty为什么是事件驱动模型:(netty极简教程(四):Selector事件驱动以及SocketChannel
的使用
,接下来将它的使用更深入一步, nio reactor模型演进以及聊天室的实现;


示例源码: https://github.com/jsbintask22/netty-learning

nio server

对于io消耗而言,我们知道提升效率的关键在于服务端对于io的使用;而nio压榨cpu的关键在于使用Selector实现的reactor事件模型以及多线程的加入时机:

单线程reactor模型

image

省略Selector以及ServerSocketChannel的获取注册; 将所有的操作至于reactor主线程

 while (true) {   // 1
    if (selector.select(1000) == 0) {   // 2
        continue;
    }

    Iterator<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();    // 3
    while (selectedKeys.hasNext()) {
        SelectionKey selectionKey = selectedKeys.next();
        SelectableChannel channel = selectionKey.channel();

        if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {    // 4
            ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) channel;
            SocketChannel client = server.accept();
            client.configureBlocking(false);
            client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, ByteBuffer.allocate(CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE));
            String serverGlobalInfo = "系统消息:用户[" + client.getRemoteAddress() + "]上线了";
            System.err.println(serverGlobalInfo);

            forwardClientMsg(serverGlobalInfo, client);   //  5
        } else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {

                SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) channel;
                SocketAddress remoteAddress = null;
                try {
                    remoteAddress = client.getRemoteAddress();
                    String clientMsg = retrieveClientMsg(selectionKey);
                    if (clientMsg.equals("")) {
                        return;
                    }
                    System.err.println("收到用户[" + remoteAddress + "]消息:" + clientMsg);

                    forwardClientMsg("[" + remoteAddress + "]:" + clientMsg, client);   // 6
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    String msg = "系统消息:" + remoteAddress + "下线了";
                    forwardClientMsg(msg, client);            
                    System.err.println(msg);
                    selectionKey.cancel();    // 7
                    try {
                        client.close();
                    } catch (IOException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
        }

        selectedKeys.remove();
    }
}
  1. 开启一个while循环,让Selector不断的询问操作系统是否有对应的事件已经准备好
  2. Selector检查事件(等待时间为1s),如果没有直接开启下一次循环
  3. 获取已经准备好的事件(SelectionKey),然后依次循环遍历处理
  4. 如果是Accept事件,说明是ServerSocketChannel注册的,说明新的连接已经建立好了,从中获取新的连接并将新连接再次注册到Selector
  5. 注册后,然后生成消息给其它Socket,表示有新用户上线了
  6. 如果是Read事件,说明客户端Socket有新的数据可读取,读取然后广播该消息到其它所有客户端
  7. 如果发生异常,表示该客户端断开连接了(粗略的处理),同样广播一条消息,并且将该Socket从Selector上注销

读取以及广播消息方法如下:

SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
        ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) selectionKey.attachment();
        int len = client.read(buffer);
        if (len == 0) {
            return "";
        }
        buffer.flip();
        byte[] data = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
        int index = 0;
        while (len != index) {
            data[index++] = buffer.get();
        }
        buffer.clear();
        return new String(data, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

Set<SelectionKey> allClient = selector.keys();
allClient.forEach(selectionKey -> {
    SelectableChannel channel = selectionKey.channel();
    if (!(channel instanceof ServerSocketChannel) && channel != client) {  // 1
        SocketChannel otherClient = (SocketChannel) channel;
        try {
            otherClient.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(clientMsg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
});

从Selector上获取所有注册的Channel然后遍历,如果不是ServerSocketChannel或者当前消息的Channel,就将消息发送出去.


以上,所有代码放在同一线程中,对于单核cpu而言,相比于bio的Socket编程,我们主要有一个方面的改进


而对于多核cpu而言,Selector虽然能够有效规避accept和read的无用等待时间,可是它依然存在一些问题;

  1. 上面的操作关键在于Selector的select操作,该方法必须能够快速循环调用,不宜和其它io读取写入放在一起
  2. channel的io(read和write)操作较为耗时,不宜放到同一线程中处理

多线程reactor模型

Reactor多线程模型

基于上面的单线程问题考虑,我们可以将io操作放入线程池中处理:

  1. 将accept事件的广播放入线程池中处理
  2. 将read事件的所有io操作放入线程池中处理
if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
        ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) channel;
        SocketChannel client = server.accept();
        client.configureBlocking(false);
        client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, ByteBuffer.allocate(CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE));
        String serverGlobalInfo = "系统消息:用户[" + client.getRemoteAddress() + "]上线了";
        System.err.println(serverGlobalInfo);

        executorService.submit(() -> {    // 1
            forwardClientMsg(serverGlobalInfo, client);
        });
    } else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {

        executorService.submit(() -> {    // 2
            SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) channel;
            SocketAddress remoteAddress = null;
            try {
                remoteAddress = client.getRemoteAddress();
                String clientMsg = retrieveClientMsg(selectionKey);
                if (clientMsg.equals("")) {
                    return;
                }
                System.err.println("收到用户[" + remoteAddress + "]消息:" + clientMsg);

                forwardClientMsg("[" + remoteAddress + "]:" + clientMsg, client);  
            } catch (Exception e) {
                String msg = "系统消息:" + remoteAddress + "下线了";
                forwardClientMsg(msg, client);
                System.err.println(msg);
                selectionKey.cancel();
                try {
                    client.close();
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    selectedKeys.remove();
}

在 1与2处,我们加入了线程池处理,不再在reactor主线程中做任何io操作。 这便是reactor多线程模型


虽然模型2有效利用了多核cpu优势,可是依然能够找到瓶颈


基于以上问题,我们可以考虑引入多个Selector,这样主Selector只负责读取accept操作,而其他的io操作均有子Selector负责,这便是多Reactor多线程模型

多Reactor多线程模型

Reactor多线程模型

基于上面的思考,我们要在单Reactor多线程模型上主要需要以下操作

  1. 对于accept到的新连接不再放入主Selector,将其加入多个子Selector
  2. 子Selector操作应该在异步线程中进行.
  3. 所有子Selector只进行read write操作

基于以上,会增加一个子Selector列表,并且将原来的accept以及读取广播分开;
private List<Selector> subSelector = new ArrayList<>(8); 定义一个包含8个子selector的列表并进行初始化

image

如图,分别开启了一个reactor主线程,以及8个子selector子线程,其中,主线程现在只进行accept然后添加至子selector

 while (true) {
    if (mainSelector.select(1000) == 0) {
        continue;
    }

    Iterator<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = mainSelector.selectedKeys().iterator();
    while (selectedKeys.hasNext()) {
        SelectionKey selectionKey = selectedKeys.next();
        SelectableChannel channel = selectionKey.channel();

        if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {

            ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) channel;
            SocketChannel client = server.accept();
            client.configureBlocking(false);
            client.register(subSelector.get(index++), SelectionKey.OP_READ,     // 1
                    ByteBuffer.allocate(CLIENT_BUFFER_SIZE));
            if (index == 8) {   // 2
                index = 0;
            }

            String serverGlobalInfo = "系统消息:用户[" + client.getRemoteAddress() + "]上线了";
            System.err.println(serverGlobalInfo);

            forwardClientMsg(serverGlobalInfo, client);
        }
    }

    selectedKeys.remove();
}
  1. 将新连接注册至从Selector.
  2. 如果当前的selector已经全部添加了一遍则重新从第一个开始

所有的从Selector只进行io操作,并且本身已经在异步线程中运行

while (true) {
    if (subSelector.select(1000) == 0) {
        continue;
    }

    Iterator<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = subSelector.selectedKeys().iterator();
    while (selectedKeys.hasNext()) {
        SelectionKey selectionKey = selectedKeys.next();
        SelectableChannel channel = selectionKey.channel();

        if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
            SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) channel;
            SocketAddress remoteAddress = null;
            try {
                remoteAddress = client.getRemoteAddress();
                String clientMsg = retrieveClientMsg(selectionKey);  // 1
                if (clientMsg.equals("")) {
                    return;
                }
                System.err.println("收到用户[" + remoteAddress + "]消息:" + clientMsg);
            
                forwardClientMsg("[" + remoteAddress + "]:" + clientMsg, client);  // 2
            } catch (Exception e) {
                String msg = "系统消息:" + remoteAddress + "下线了";
                forwardClientMsg(msg, client);
                System.err.println(msg);
                selectionKey.cancel();
                try {
                    client.close();
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        selectedKeys.remove();
    }
  1. 读取消息
  2. 广播消息
    启动server,并且打开三个客户端:


    image
    image
    image

    如图所示,上线通知,消息转发,下线通知成功, 主Selector与从Selector交互成功

netty线程模型思考

事实上,在netty的线程模型中,与上方的多Reactor多线程模型类似,一个改进版的多路复用多Reactor模型; Reactor主从线程模型

  1. 一个主线程不断轮询进行accept操作,将channel注册至子Selector
  2. 一个线程持有一个Selector
  3. 一个子Selector又可以管理多个channel
  4. 在断开连接前,一个channel总是在同一个线程中进行io操作处理

基于以上思考,我们将在后面在netty源码中进行一一验证。

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