NIONIO编程netty学习

javaNIO入门三:NIO 的非阻塞式网络通信

2020-02-05  本文已影响0人  tony_zhang

Java NIO 是非阻塞模式的。当线程从某通道进行读写数据时,若没有数据可用时,该线程可以进行其他任务。线程通常将非阻塞 IO 的空闲时间用于在其他通道上执行 IO 操作,所以单独的线程可以管理多个输入和输出通道。因此, NIO 可以让服务器端使用一个或有限几个线程来同时处理连接到服务器端的所有客户端。

下面我看个例子来使用NIO 演示下阻塞式,即不采用选择器情况下:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

import org.junit.Test;

/*
 * 一、使用 NIO 完成网络通信的三个核心:
 * 
 * 1. 通道(Channel):负责连接
 *         
 *        java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
 *             |--SelectableChannel
 *                 |--SocketChannel
 *                 |--ServerSocketChannel
 *                 |--DatagramChannel
 * 
 *                 |--Pipe.SinkChannel
 *                 |--Pipe.SourceChannel
 * 
 * 2. 缓冲区(Buffer):负责数据的存取
 * 
 * 3. 选择器(Selector):是 SelectableChannel 的多路复用器。用于监控 SelectableChannel 的 IO 状况
 * 
 */
public class TestBlockingNIO {

    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
        
        FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
        
        //2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        //3. 读取本地文件,并发送到服务端
        while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            sChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //4. 关闭通道
        inChannel.close();
        sChannel.close();
    }
    
    //服务端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        
        FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("2.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        
        //2. 绑定连接
        ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        //3. 获取客户端连接的通道
        SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
        
        //4. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        //5. 接收客户端的数据,并保存到本地
        while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            outChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //6. 关闭通道
        sChannel.close();
        outChannel.close();
        ssChannel.close();       
    }  
}

那么解决上面的方法,以前没有选择器的时候,对于阻塞情况,我们可以采用下面的方法:(发送完成,自动自己关闭告知已发送完成)

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestBlockingNIO2 {
    
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException{
        SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
        
        FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
        
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            sChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        sChannel.shutdownOutput();
        
        //接收服务端的反馈
        int len = 0;
        while((len = sChannel.read(buf)) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        inChannel.close();
        sChannel.close();
    }
    
    //服务端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException{
        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        
        FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("2.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        
        ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
        
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
            buf.flip();
            outChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //发送反馈给客户端
        buf.put("服务端接收数据成功".getBytes());
        buf.flip();
        sChannel.write(buf);
        
        sChannel.close();
        outChannel.close();
        ssChannel.close();
    }
}
package com.atguigu.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Scanner;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestNonBlockingNIO {
    
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
        
        //2. 切换非阻塞模式
        sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        
        //3. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        //4. 发送数据给服务端
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        while(scan.hasNext()){
            String str = scan.next();
            buf.put((new Date().toString() + "\n" + str).getBytes());
            buf.flip();
            sChannel.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        //5. 关闭通道
        sChannel.close();
    }

    //服务端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取通道
        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        
        //2. 切换非阻塞模式
        ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        
        //3. 绑定连接
        ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        //4. 获取选择器
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        
        //5. 将通道注册到选择器上, 并且指定“监听接收事件”
        ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        
        //6. 轮询式的获取选择器上已经“准备就绪”的事件
        while(selector.select() > 0){
            
            //7. 获取当前选择器中所有注册的“选择键(已就绪的监听事件)”
            Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            
            while(it.hasNext()){
                //8. 获取准备“就绪”的是事件
                SelectionKey sk = it.next();
                
                //9. 判断具体是什么事件准备就绪
                if(sk.isAcceptable()){
                    //10. 若“接收就绪”,获取客户端连接
                    SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
                    
                    //11. 切换非阻塞模式
                    sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                    
                    //12. 将该通道注册到选择器上
                    sChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                }else if(sk.isReadable()){
                    //13. 获取当前选择器上“读就绪”状态的通道
                    SocketChannel sChannel = (SocketChannel) sk.channel();
                    
                    //14. 读取数据
                    ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    
                    int len = 0;
                    while((len = sChannel.read(buf)) > 0 ){
                        buf.flip();
                        System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
                        buf.clear();
                    }
                }
                
                //15. 取消选择键 SelectionKey
                it.remove();
            }
        }
    }
}

DatagramChannel
Java NIO中的DatagramChannel是一个能收发UDP包的通道。
操作步骤:打开 DatagramChannel、接收/发送数据
代码样例:

package com.atguigu.nio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.DatagramChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Scanner;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestNonBlockingNIO2 {
    
    @Test
    public void send() throws IOException{
        DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
        
        dc.configureBlocking(false);
        
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        
        while(scan.hasNext()){
            String str = scan.next();
            buf.put((new Date().toString() + ":\n" + str).getBytes());
            buf.flip();
            dc.send(buf, new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
            buf.clear();
        }
        
        dc.close();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void receive() throws IOException{
        DatagramChannel dc = DatagramChannel.open();
        
        dc.configureBlocking(false);
        
        dc.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
        
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        
        dc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        
        while(selector.select() > 0){
            Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            
            while(it.hasNext()){
                SelectionKey sk = it.next();
                
                if(sk.isReadable()){
                    ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                    
                    dc.receive(buf);
                    buf.flip();
                    System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, buf.limit()));
                    buf.clear();
                }
            }
            
            it.remove();
        }
    }
}

管道 (Pipe)
Java NIO 管道是2个线程之间的单向数据连接。Pipe有一个source通道和一个sink通道。数据会被写到sink通道,从source通道读取。


向管道写数据
从管道读取数据

从读取管道的数据,需要访问source通道,调用source通道的read()方法来读取数据。

代码样例:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.Pipe;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestPipe {

    @Test
    public void test1() throws IOException{
        //1. 获取管道
        Pipe pipe = Pipe.open();
        
        //2. 将缓冲区中的数据写入管道
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        
        Pipe.SinkChannel sinkChannel = pipe.sink();
        buf.put("通过单向管道发送数据".getBytes());
        buf.flip();
        sinkChannel.write(buf);
        
        //3. 读取缓冲区中的数据
        Pipe.SourceChannel sourceChannel = pipe.source();
        buf.flip();
        int len = sourceChannel.read(buf);
        System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
        
        sourceChannel.close();
        sinkChannel.close();
    }   
}
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