PMP试题解析（第四章 项目整合管理）

单选题（每题1分，共26道题）

1、 [单选]一个项目已经结束，新系统已正式上线并完成了所有的验收程序。客户要求项目经理调查系统用户流失率高的原因并及时解决。项目经理发现是运营团队不熟悉新系统而导致服务用户的响应慢造成的，项目经理应进行哪一项？A project has been completed, the new system has been officially launched and all the acceptance procedures have been completed. The customer requests the project manager to investigate the reasons for the high turnover rate of the system and solve it in time. The project manager found that the operation team was not familiar with the new system and caused the slow response of service users. Which item should the project manager carry out?

A：要求项目团队评估根本原因，纠正问题并记录经验教训；Ask the project team to evaluate the root cause, correct the problem and record the lessons learned;

B：审查收尾文件，确认已按合同要求完成了知识转移工作，将结果报告给客户；Review the closing documents, confirm that knowledge transfer has been completed according to the requirements of the contract, and report the results to the customer;

C：将客户的投诉上报给项目发起人，分配资源解决该问题；Report the customer complaint to the project sponsor and allocate resources to solve the problem;

D：审查风险管理计划，确定是否提前识别和规划该问题。Review the risk management plan to determine if the problem is identified and planned.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

解析：题干中两处“项目已结束”，“完成了所有的验收程序”，强调项目已经结束。客户流失率高是运营团队不熟悉新系统造成的，运营团队很有可能是客户公司自己的，项目经理有责任向客户确认项目知识已按规定转移给客户。但不能简单满足客户需求，否则就是范围蔓延。

2、 [单选]客户提出的一项变更需求已经实现，并得到了客户的认可。但项目经理发现为了满足客户的这个需求，团队不得不加班才没有影响项目的进度基准。项目经理把这个经历整理成文字并记在了经验教训登记册中，项目经理更新的是：A change request submitted by the client has been realized and approved by the client. The project manager found that team had to work overtime to meet this request without affecting the project's schedule baseline。The project manager put the experience into words and record it in the register of lessons learned. Which of the following is the project manager updated?

A：组织过程资产；enterprise process assets;

B：事业环境因素；business environment factors;

C：项目管理计划；Project management plan;

D：项目文件。project documents.

正确答案：D你的答案：A

解析：在项目中出现的经验教训应该及时记录在经验教训登记册中，这个登记册属于项目文件，所以这个动作属于更新项目文件。见4.4.3.1。经验教训不都需要作为组织过程资产，通常经验教训登记册定期评估，共性的和再次发生可能性较大的裁剪到组织过程资产库中，以此来维护组织过程资产的有效性。见2.3。如果答案中没有项目文件，那选择组织过程资产就是正确的了。

3、 [单选]下面哪一项不是制定项目章程需要依据的？Which of the following is not required to make project charter?

A：事业环境因素 business environment factors.

B：效益管理计划 benefit management plan.

C：项目进度计划project schedule.

D：组织过程资产enterprise process assets.

正确答案：C你的答案：D

解析：项目管理计划需要依据章程来制定。见4.2.1。效益管理计划是商业文件的一部分，是在制定章程前的商业论证的输出，作为制定章程的依据。见 1.2.6.2。

制定章程的输入包含1、商业文件（商业论证、效益管理计划），2、协议，3、事业环境因素，4、组织过程资产。

4、 [单选]项目经理刚得到团队成员的通报，项目系统的速度和最初计划的速度有偏差。项目经理很惊讶，因为这个绩效衡量没有在规划中识别。如果项目经理稍后评估是否这个偏差需要反应，项目经理是在哪个管理过程中？A project manager gets a call from a team member notifying him that there is a variance between the speed of a system on the project and the desired or planned speed. The project manager is surprised because that performance measurement was not identified in planning. If the project manager then evaluates whether the variance warrants a response, he is in which part of the project management process?

A：启动Initiating

B：执行Executing

C：监控Monitoring and controlling

D：收尾Closing

正确答案：C你的答案：C

解析：题干中只要有“偏差”、“绩效衡量”这样的关键词就可以确定是在监控过程组。

5、 [单选]收尾过程包括以下所有，除了：Closing process includes all the following EXCEPT:

A：质量审计和风险审计Quality audit and risk audit.

B：交付项目产品Deliver the product of the project.

C：知识转移Knowledge transfer.

D：更新公司组织过程资产Updating the company`s organizational process assets.

正确答案：A你的答案：A

解析：质量审计和风险审计都是合规性审查，指的是质量和风险的管理过程是否符合质量管理计划和风险管理计划。属于监控过程。

6、 [单选]一名团队成员因为低估了活动的难度，导致估算的活动时间明显不足，他周末连续加了两天班才把工作完成，好在没有影响其他人员的工作和项目进度。他应该把这件事：A team member underestimated the difficulty of the activity, resulting in an apparently insufficient duration estimate of activity. It took him two days to complete the work on weekends. Fortunately, the project schedule and activities of other team members were not affected. What should he do:

A：记入经验教训登记册；record it into register of lessons learned;

B：记入风险登记册；record it into the risk register;

C：记录到问题日志； record it into the issue log;

D：记录到变更日志。 record it into the change log.

正确答案：A你的答案：A

解析：题干的内容符合经验教训登记册的特征。参与工作的个人和团队也参与记录经验教训。见4.4.3.1。

7、 [单选]记录经验教训发生在什么时间？What is the time when the lessons learned?

A：项目结束时；at the end of the project;

B：项目阶段结束时；at the end of the project phases;

C：变更发生时；when a change occurs;

D：项目全过程。 throughout the project.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：在整个项目期间，经验教训登记册可以作为很多过程的输入，也可以作为输出而不断更新。见4.4.3.1。

8、 [单选]当变更即将发生时，项目经理的注意力最好集中在：When it comes to changes, the project manager’s attention is BEST focused on:

A：促进变更发生Promoting changes

B：跟踪和记录变更Tracking and recording changes

C：通知项目发起人Informing project sponsor

D：避免不必要的关联变更preventing unnecessary associated changes

正确答案：D你的答案：B

解析：注意题干强调的是变更即将发生，也就是说还没发生，项目经理此时必须关注变更的影响范围，因为一个变更往往引发其它连锁变更，为了避免失控，项目经理重点工作就是避免不必要的变更。

9、 [单选]关于项目管理计划下面哪个表述是不正确的？Which of the following statements about the project management plan is incorrect?

A：项目管理计划应该由项目经理带领项目团队共同开发；The project management plan should be jointly developed by the project manager with the project team;

B：制定项目管理计划需要基于项目章程；Developing project management plan needs to base on the project charter;

C：项目管理计划通常不包含项目执行数据；Project management plans usually do not include project execution data;

D：项目管理计划一经批准就不应该修改。The project management plan should not be modified once it is approved.

正确答案：D你的答案：A

解析：项目管理计划在项目管理过程中也会因各种变更而不断更新。容易选错的答案C，项目管理计划是一套规则文件，比如成本管理计划是规定货币种类、精确度、控制标准等，而不是预算，预算是独立的项目文件。

10、 [单选]一位职能经理想修改某活动的估算时间。项目经理经过分析后，认为这会导致整个项目的延期。谁有权批准该变更？A functional manager wants to change an activity duration estimate. The project manager analyzes the change and determines that it will cause a delay to the entire project. Who should authorize the change?

A：高级管理层Senior management

B：发起人 Project sponsor

C：项目经理Project manager

D：变更控制委员会Change control board

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：影响基准的变更都需要经过CCB批准。

11、 [单选]项目经理刚刚收到一个来自客户的变更要求，这个变更并不影响项目的进度也很容易实现，项目经理应该首先做什么？The project manager has just received a change request from the client. It does not affect the schedule of the project and is easy to implement. What should the project manager do first?

A：尽快实施变更；implement the change as soon as possible;

B：联系项目发起人并获得批准；contact the project promoter and get approval;

C：报告给变更控制委员会；report it to CCB;

D：评估这个变更对项目其它制约因素的影响。to assess the effect of the changes to other project constraints.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：根据整体变更控制程序，变更请求需先评估影响，题干中说不影响进度，但不一定不影响成本、质量等其它制约因素。

12、 [单选]产品开发项目在第一阶段结束前与客户进行范围确认，一项关键的可交付成果被客户决绝了，项目经理意识到返工的话将导致成本增加且无法按期交付最终产品，客户坚持这不属于买方责任，因此拒绝变更成本基准和进度基准。项目经理该怎么办？Scope confirming of a product development project with the client before the end of the first stage. A key deliverable is rejected by the client. The project manager realizes that the rework will lead to the cost increase and the failure to deliver the final product on time. The client insists that this is not the responsibility of the buyer, therefore refuses to change the baseline of cost and schedule. What should the project manager do?

A：向高级管理层申请额外的资源； Apply to senior management for extra resources;

B：向高级管理层上报这个项目整体风险； Report the overall risk of the project to senior management;

C：与客户协商适当缩减项目范围；Negotiate with the client to reduce project scope appropriately;

D：与团队评估返工的影响，并向CCB提出变更请求。Assess the impact of rework with the team and make a change request to CCB.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：返工不在计划内，就需要变更控制，不管谁的责任，先评估影响，走变更控制程序。

13、 [单选]更换一个关键组件的采购来源在项目执行期间获得批准。在产品发布之后，业务经理抱怨说，这个组件对她的工作产生负面影响。项目经理依靠哪个文件获得业务经理的验收？Replacing the procurement source of a key component has been approved during the project execution. After the product was released, A business manager complained that the component had a negative impact on her work. Which document does the project manager rely on to obtain the acceptance of the business manager?

A：风险登记册 Risk register.

B：经验教训登记册Register of lessons learned.

C：变更日志 Change log

D：问题日志 issue log

正确答案：C你的答案：C

解析：变更日志记录了变更请求处理的经过和批准的决议。见4.6.3.3。收到影响的相关方一般都有机会在变更控制过程中发表意见。

14、 [单选]一名关键的项目相关方要求团队成员对某项功能进行修改，团队成员认为修改需要的时间很短。因此在没有通知项目经理的情况下，就实施了修改。在确认范围期间，项目经理发现了这个变动，在执行详细的分析之后，项目经理发现团队成员考虑得很不全面。这项修改涉及多个功能和底层逻辑需要相应修改，需要投入额外的人工量和时间并直接影响项目总工期。项目经理下一步应该怎么做？A key project stakeholder requests that a team member make a small modification to a feature. The team member decides that the modification could be implemented in a short time. The team member implements the modification without informing the project manager. During confirm scope, the project manager finds out about the modification. After conducting a detailed analysis, the project manager finds that the team member’s initial analysis was incomplete and the modification needed additional cost and time，affecting the project schedule. What should the project manager do next?

A：撤销团队成员所做的修改，继续按原计划执行下一个阶段工作，同时通知项目相关方；Revoke the modification and proceed to the next stage by the original plan，then inform the stakeholder.

B：将变更影响评估报告与项目相关方讨论，确认该变更的必要性，强调对成本和进度的影响。如果该相关方坚持要将这项变更包含在内，项目经理向变更控制委员会发起变更请求，以获得批准；Discuss the change impact assessment report with the stakeholder to verify the necessity of the modification and emphasize the impact on cost and schedule. If the stakeholder insists that the modification must be included, the project manager should initiate a change request to CCB for approval;

C：向项目相关方说明变更对成本和进度的影响。告知在目前项目所处的阶段，不能将变更包含在内；Explain to the stakeholder the impact of modification on cost and schedule. Inform that the modification could not be included in current phase of the project;

D：将项目相关方直接与团队成员交流的事上报给项目发起人。Escalate to the sponsor about the stakeholder directly interacting with the team member.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

解析：主动与相关方沟通变更的影响，确定必要性并履行变更控制程序是处理这类问题的标准做法。

15、 [单选]客户要求完成一项附加功能，项目才算完成，否则不同意验收。这个功能不在项目范围之内，且项目团队事先完全不知道。若要成功完成项目，项目经理该怎么做？The client requests to complete an additional function for completion of project, otherwise he do not agree to the acceptance. This function is not within the scope of the project, and the project team has no prior knowledge of it. What should the project manager do to successfully complete the project?

A：拒绝客户的要求，坚持提交验收资料；Refuse the client's request and insist on submitting the acceptance report;

B：将该功能补充进项目范围，并和团队完成它；Add this function to the project scope and complete it with the team;

C：评估影响并向变更控制委员会提出变更请求；Assess the impact and submit change requests to the CCB;

D：避免修改项目文件等繁琐过程，和团队加班完成以满足客户要求。Avoid the tedious processes such like modifying project files, and work overtime with the team to meet customer requirements.

正确答案：C你的答案：C

解析：这属于范围变更的典型例子，只要是变更都必须按照整体变更控制程序执行。

16、 [单选]客户在接受设计之后提出了一项范围变更。这个变更可能对许多项目组成部分产生影响。项目经理最适当的回应是什么？The client requests a scope change after accepting the design. This change will have potential impacts on several project components. What is the project manager’s MOST APPROPRIATE response?

A：说服客户推迟变更convince client to delay the change

B：基于变更修改项目计划 update project plan based on this change

C：如果该变更十分关键，则进行变更，并通知变更控制委员会 If this change is critical, then implement it and inform the CCB

D：评估变更对于成本和进度的影响，在实施变更之前获得批准Estimate the cost and schedule affected by the change, get approval before implement

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：变更相关的考题，“评估影响-获得批准”是标准选项，没有更有针对性且把握更大的选择的话，这个选择往往就是正确的。

17、 [单选]有一家中标的供应商X无法保障一个关键部件的按时供货，项目经理识别到另一个供应商Y，可以提供类似的产品。项目经理下一步该怎么做？Supplier X has won the bid, but he cannot guarantee that a key component can be supplied on time. The project manager recognizes another supplier Y which can provide similar products. What should the project manager do next?

A：向变更控制委员会提交一项变更请求；Submit a change request to the CCB;

B：终止向供应商X的采购，与供应商Y签订供货合同；Terminate the purchase of supplier X and sign the supply contract with supplier Y;

C：查阅项目供应商选择标准，确认供应商Y符合资格；Check the selection criteria of project suppliers and confirm that supplier Y is qualified;

D：向采购部门提出变更供应商的要求。Request the purchasing department to change the supplier.

正确答案：A你的答案：A

解析：变更供应商也是变更，按变更控制程序执行。

18、 [单选]项目经理发起的变更请求已经获得CCB批准，在执行变更之前，项目经理必须做下列哪一项：The change request initiated by the project manager has been approved by CCB. Before the change is performed, the project manager must do which of the following:

A：总结经验教训summarize lessons learned.

B：更新组织过程资产update the organizational process assets.

C：评估变更的风险assess the risk of the change.

D：通知项目相关方 inform project stakeholders.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：按照变更控制程序，执行变更前必须先通知相关方，请相关方做出相应调整。

19、 [单选]客户通知因遭遇不可抗力，原本按项目进度支付的合同款暂停支付，恢复时间尚无法确定。项目经理应该怎么办？The project manager was informed by the client that due to the force majeure, the contract payment which should be paid according to the project schedule was suspended, and the recovery time was not yet determined. What should the project manager do?

A：这并不影响公司已批准的项目预算，继续按计划执行；Continue project as plan，because it does not affect the project budget approved by project manager ‘s company;

B：为避免给公司带来财务风险，立即宣布停止项目并遣散资源；To avoid financial risk to the company, immediately announce the termination of the project and release the resources;

C：将客户的通知转发给所有分包商和供应商，并以此为依据暂停所有采购合同款支付；Forward the customer's notice to all the project subcontractors and suppliers, and to suspend all purchase contract payments based on it;

D：与团队评估这个事件带来的影响，向CCB发起变更请求。Assess the impact of this incident with the team and initiate a change request to CCB.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：这还是一道标准的变更题，只要和计划出现不一致的情况，不管是谁的原因造成，都需要按变更控制程序执行。

20、 [单选]项目经理负责一个产品开发项目。产品开发完成并通过了验收测试。最终版本发布之前客户发现一个必须修复的关键问题，并同意支付由于产品变更而产生的相关费用。项目经理首先应该怎么做？The project manager is responsible for a product development project. Product development completed and passed the acceptance test. Before the final release, the client found a key issue that had to be fixed and agreed to pay for the costs associated with the product change. What should the project manager do first?

A：拒绝客户的请求，并建议在后续版本中修复这个问题；Reject the client's request and suggest to fix the problem in the subsequent release;

B：按照客户的要求立刻修复问题，并向后顺延发布时间；Immediately fix the problem according to the client's requirement and postpone the release date;

C：与团队评估因变更产生的成本和工期，与客户签署补充协议；With the team to evaluate the cost and duration of the change, and sign a supplementary agreement with the client;

D：与团队评估变更的影响，准备书面变更请求给CCB。Assess the impact of the change with the team and prepare a written change request to CCB.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：典型变更场景，按变更控制程序执行。

21、 [单选]项目章程刚刚发布，项目经理发现开展项目所需要的一项关键授权没有体现在章程中，项目经理应该怎么办？The project charter has just been released. The project manager found that a key authorization needed for the project was not in the project charter. What should the project manager do?

A：根据章程中已授权的内容编制项目计划； Prepare the project plan according to the authorized content of project charter already;

B：更新章程，将这一必要的授权补充进去；Update project charter and add this necessary authorization;

C：将缺乏授权的信息记录到风险登记册中；Record the lack of authorized information in the risk register;

D：与项目发起人沟通，发起章程变更申请。Communicate with the sponsor to initiate a change application of charter.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：首先章程虽然很少出现修改，但章程是可以修改的；章程是发起人发布的，修改章程也必须经过发起人的批准。

22、 [单选]下列哪一项配置管理活动属于执行整体变更控制过程的组成部分？Which of the following configuration management activities is part of the perform integrated changer control process?

A：将实际项目绩效与项目管理计划对比Compare actual project performance against the project management plan

B：更新范围管理计划Update scope management plan

C：确定并记录项目产品的功能和物理特性Identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of products

D：核实可交付成果的完成程度Verify deliverables for completeness.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

解析：变更被批准后需要更新计划和项目文件，计划本身也是配置管理的对象，通过配置管理保证计划的版本正确，有效。见4.2.3.1。

23、 [单选]一个项目相关方要求对项目范围进行重大变更，该变更对于相关方来说至关重要。项目经理对变更开展了必要分析，由于变更对项目成本和进度均会产生显著影响，变更需要得到变更控制委员会（CCB）的批准，但CCB拒绝了这个变更。项目经理接下来应该怎么做？A project stakeholder requires an important change to the scope of the project, which is critical to the stakeholder. Project manager carries out necessary analysis to the change requirement. Due to the change，project cost and schedule will have significant impacts. This change need to be approved by the change control board (CCB), but the change is refused by CCB. What should the project manager do next?

A：不理会变更控制委员会的决定，实施变更，因为这个变更对这个相关方至关重要，且相关方满意是项目成功的标准；Implement the change despite the decision made by the CCB, because the change is critical to the stakeholder and the satisfaction of stakeholders’ is standard for success of the project.

B：将变更控制委员会的决定记录到变更日志，向相关方和项目团队反馈这个情况；Record the decision of CCB to the change log and feedback the results to the stakeholder and project team truthfully;

C：建议立即停止该项目，进行新的需求收集和风险评估； Recommends stop the project immediately for new requirements gathering and risk assessment;

D：与变更委员会成员分别单独会面，以此来影响他们改变决定。Meeting with members of CCB individually to influence their decision to change.

正确答案：B你的答案：B

解析：变更控制委员会CCB的决议就是权威结论，如果否决了变更，项目经理正确的做法应该是记录并告知相关方。

24、 [单选]在指导和管理项目的过程中, 对于已经完成的活动，项目经理应该首先审查？Which of the following should the project manager review for each completed activity during directing and managing a project?

A：工作绩效数据Work performance data

B：风险登记册Risk register

C：变更日志 Change log

D：问题日志Issue logs

正确答案：A你的答案：A

解析：工作绩效数据是在执行项目工作的过程中，从每个正在执行的活动中收集到的原始观察结果和测量值。工作绩效数据包括已完成的工作、关键绩效指标、技术绩效测量结果、进度活动的开始日期和结束日期、变更请求的数量、缺陷的数量、实际成本和实际持续时间等。

25、 [单选]项目经理制定了一系列规定，包括谁有权使用受控文件，这些文件的变更如何被记录和批准，以及所有人如何了解当前的版本信息等。项目经理正在创建：A project manager has put in place rules covering who will have access to controlled documents, how changes to these items will be recorded and approved, and how everyone will know what the current version is. The project manager is therefore creating a:

A：工作授权系统Work authorization system

B：变更控制系统 Change control system

C：配置管理系统Configuration management system

D：项目管理信息系统Project management information system

正确答案：C你的答案：C

解析：配置管理系统除产品的功能、组件和版本信息外，对项目管理的计划、文件也需定义版本、受控级别、访问权限、修改规则等。

26、 [单选]配置管理可能面向以下的对象，除了：Configuration management may be oriented towards the following objects, EXCEPT:

A：产品的版本、功能、组件、文档；Product versions, functions, components and documents;

B：项目的基准、计划、文件； Baselines, plans and files of the project;

C：项目中获得的知识、经验、教训；Knowledge, experiences and lessons learned in the project;

D：项目经理的领导力和人际关系技能。Project manager's leadership and interpersonal skills.

正确答案：D你的答案：D

解析：项目经理的领导力和人际关系技能属于项目经理个人不断积累和培养的软技能，不属于配置管理的对象。