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angular-表单验证

2020-11-17  本文已影响0人  姜治宇

angular已经集成了完善的表单验证体系,可以直接引入使用即可,十分方便。
表单分为两种,一种是响应式表单,一种是模板式表单。
响应式表单就是表单的字段在js中声明,而模板式表单则在html中通过双向绑定来声明。
我们通常开发使用的是响应式表单,因为这样比较直观。
响应式表单验证,分为这么几种类型:

单个字段——formControl

formControl对象是针对表单的单个字段来验证的。
我们创建一个组件来玩一下:

ng g component components/formcontrol

formcontrol.component.ts:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl,Validators } from '@angular/forms';
@Component({
  selector: 'app-formcontrol',
  templateUrl: './formcontrol.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./formcontrol.component.css']
})
export class FormcontrolComponent implements OnInit {
  username = new FormControl('',[ //声明验证规则
    Validators.required,
    Validators.minLength(6),
  ]);
  
  constructor() { }
  
  ngOnInit(): void {
    console.log(this.username);
  }

}

formcontrol.component.html:

<div>
    用户名:{{username.value}} 
    <input type="text" [formControl] = "username" /> <br />
    
</div>

<div *ngIf="username.invalid && (username.dirty || username.touched)">

  <div *ngIf="username.errors.required">
    用户名必填!
  </div>
  <div *ngIf="username.errors.minlength">
    字符不少于6位!
  </div>

</div>

但通常情况下是针对一组字段进行验证的,因此就有了formGroup。

多个字段验证——formGroup

一般常用的是formGroup,针对多个字段进行统一验证。

ng g component components/formgroup

formgroup.component.ts:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormControl, FormGroup,Validators } from '@angular/forms';
@Component({
  selector: 'app-formgroup',
  templateUrl: './formgroup.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./formgroup.component.css']
})
export class FormgroupComponent implements OnInit {
  formData = new FormGroup({
    username: new FormControl('',[ //必填
      Validators.required
    ]),

    passwd: new FormControl('',[ //必填、不少于6位
      Validators.required,
      Validators.minLength(6),
    ]),
    email: new FormControl('',[
      Validators.required,
      this.emailValueValidator //自定义验证规则
    ]) 
  }) 
  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit(): void {
  }
  //自定义验证规则
  emailValueValidator(control: FormControl): any {
    
    let reg = /^([a-zA-Z]|[0-9])(\w|\-)+@[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.([a-zA-Z]{2,4})$/;
    if (!reg.test(control.value)) {
      return { value: {info: '邮箱格式不正确'} };
    }
  }
  sub(data){
    console.log('finall>>>',data)
  }
}

formgroup.component.html:

<form [formGroup]="formData" (ngSubmit)="sub(formData.value)">
    <div>
        用户名:
        <input type="text" formControlName="username" />

        <div [hidden]="formData.get('username').valid || formData.get('username').untouched">
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('required', 'username')">用户名必填!</p>
        </div>


    </div>

    <div>
        密码:
       <input type="passwd" formControlName="passwd" />
        
        <div [hidden]="formData.get('passwd').valid || formData.get('passwd').untouched" class="small">
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('required', 'passwd')">必填项</p>
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('minlength', 'passwd')"> 密码不少于6位!</p>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div>
        邮箱:
        <input type="text" formControlName="email" />
        
        <div [hidden]="formData.get('email').valid || formData.get('email').untouched" class="small">
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('required', 'email')">必填项</p>
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('value', 'email')">{{formData.getError('value', 'email')?.info}}</p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit" [disabled]="!formData.valid" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">提交</button>
    </div>
</form>

formGroup有一定的局限性,因为它必须事先约定所有字段的名称、验证规则等信息,如果要动态添加某些字段怎么办?这时formBuilder就派上了用场。

动态添加字段——formBuilder

formBuilder提供了一个FormArray()方法,看名字就知道它是一个数组,添加新字段,不过是往数组push一条数据罢了。

ng g component components/formbuilder

formgroup.component.ts:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormBuilder,FormArray,Validators } from '@angular/forms';
@Component({
  selector: 'app-formbuilder',
  templateUrl: './formbuilder.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./formbuilder.component.css']
})
export class FormbuilderComponent implements OnInit {
  constructor(private fb: FormBuilder) { } // 初始化




  formData = this.fb.group({
    username: ['', [Validators.required]],

    passwd:[ '',[Validators.required,Validators.minLength(6)]],

    interest:this.fb.array([
      this.fb.control('')
    ])
    
  }) 
  get interest(){
    return this.formData.get('interest') as FormArray;
  }
  addInterest(){
    
    this.interest.push(this.fb.control(''))

    console.log(this.interest)
  }
  sub(data){
    console.log('finall>>>',data)
  }
  





  ngOnInit(): void {
    console.log(this.formData)
  }

}

formgroup.component.html:

<form [formGroup]="formData" (ngSubmit)="sub(formData.value)">
    <div>
        用户名:
        <input type="text" formControlName="username" />

        <div [hidden]="formData.get('username').valid || formData.get('username').untouched">
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('required', 'username')">用户名必填!</p>
        </div>


    </div>

    <div>
        密码:
        <input type="passwd" formControlName="passwd" />
        
        <div [hidden]="formData.get('passwd').valid || formData.get('passwd').untouched" class="small">
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('required', 'passwd')">必填项</p>
            <p [hidden]="!formData.hasError('minlength', 'passwd')"> 密码不少于6位!</p>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div formArrayName="interest">
        <button (click)="addInterest()">+增加</button>
        <div *ngFor="let item of interest.controls; let k=index">
            <div>
                兴趣:
                <input type="text"  [formControlName]="k" />
            </div>
        </div>



        
    </div>
    <div>
        <button type="submit" [disabled]="!formData.valid" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">提交</button>
    </div>
</form>

可以看出,使用formBuilder构建表单还是比较方便的。

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