Promise、Promise.all、Promise.race

2021-01-01  本文已影响0人  我是Msorry

Promise 的用途

Promise代表了一个异步操作的最终完成或者失败,支持链式调用和并行多异步操作,解决地狱回调问题

地狱回调问题的产生原因

  1. 嵌套调用,第一个函数的输出往往是第二个函数的输入;
    通过链式调用解决
  2. 处理多个异步请求合并最终结果
    使用 Promise.allPromise.race()

使用 Promise

构建 Promise 对象时,需要传入一个 executor 函数,该函数是立即执行的

const myFirstPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
   console.log('立即执行')
   resolve(data)
   reject(reason)
});
function myAsyncFunction(url) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve(data)
    reject(reason)
  });
};

链式调用

then() 函数中的返回值能在下一个 then() 中获取到,这就是链式调用。不在 then 中放入参数,例:promise.then().then(),那么其后面的 then 依旧可以得到之前 then 返回的值,这就是所谓的值的穿透。
then() 函数会返回一个和原来不同的新的 Promise,并把上一个 then() 的返回结果传给这个新的 promisethen 方法

const promise = doSomething();
const promise2 = promise.then(successCallback, failureCallback);
/*上下两种写法等价*/
const promise2 = doSomething().then(successCallback, failureCallback);

Catch 链式操作

new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    console.log('初始化');

    resolve();
})
.then(() => {
    throw new Error('有哪里不对了');

    console.log('执行「这个」”');
})
.catch(() => {
    console.log('执行「那个」');
})
.then(() => {
    console.log('执行「这个」,无论前面发生了什么');
});

初始化
执行“那个”
执行“这个”,无论前面发生了什么

Promise.all

Promise.all([promise1, promise2]) 并行,等待所有 promise 成功。
如果都成功了,则 all 对应的 promise 也成功;如果有一个失败了,则 all 对应的 promise 失败。

Promise.race

Promise.race([promise1, promise2]),返回一个 promise,一旦数组中的某个 promise 解决或拒绝,返回的 promise 就会解决或拒绝。总之,谁第先成功或失败,就认为是 race 的成功或失败。

手写 Promise

  1. 实现异步操作(发布订阅模式收集依赖 -> 触发通知 -> 取出依赖执行的方式)
  2. 实现链式调用和值穿透
const PENDING = 'PENDING';
const FULFILLED = 'FULFILLED';
const REJECTED = 'REJECTED';

const resolvePromise = (promise2, x, resolve, reject) => {
  // 自己等待自己完成是错误的实现,用一个类型错误,结束掉 promise
  if (promise2 === x) {
    return reject(new TypeError('返回原promise引起循环调用'))
  }
  // 保证 resolvePromise和rejectPromise 多次调用时只调用一次
  let called;
  // 后续的条件要严格判断 保证代码能和别的库一起使用
  if ((typeof x === 'object' && x != null) || typeof x === 'function') {
    try {
      // reject 和 resolve 同时调用时,只调用一个
      let then = x.then;
      if (typeof then === 'function') {
        // 不要写成 x.then,直接 then.call 就可以了 因为 x.then 会再次取值,Object.defineProperty
        then.call(x, y => { // 根据 promise 的状态决定是成功还是失败
          if (called) return;
          called = true;
          // 递归解析(promise 中还有 promise)
          resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
        }, r => {
          // 只要失败就失败
          if (called) return;
          called = true;
          reject(r);
        });
      } else {
        // 如果 x.then 是个普通值就直接返回 resolve 作为结果
        resolve(x);
      }
    } catch (e) {
      // //引发异常e,则promise必须拒绝
      if (called) return;
      called = true;
      reject(e)
    }
  } else {
    // 如果 x 是个普通值就直接返回 resolve 作为结果
    resolve(x)
  }
}

class Promise1 {
  constructor(executor) {
    this.status = PENDING;
    this.value = undefined;
    this.reason = undefined;
    this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
    this.onRejectedCallbacks= [];

    let resolve = (value) => {
      if(this.status ===  PENDING) {
        this.status = FULFILLED;
        this.value = value;
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    }

    let reject = (reason) => {
      if(this.status ===  PENDING) {
        this.status = REJECTED;
        this.reason = reason;
        this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
      }
    }

    try {
      executor(resolve,reject)
    } catch (error) {
      reject(error)
    }
  }

  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    //解决 onFufilled,onRejected 没有传值的问题
    onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : v => v;
    //因为错误的值要让后面访问到,所以这里也要跑出个错误,不然会在之后 then 的 resolve 中捕获
    onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => { throw err };
    // 每次调用 then 都返回一个新的 promise
    let promise2 = new Promise1((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
        //在引擎之后和在promise实现后调用
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            //有可能返回一个promise
            let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
            // x可能是一个proimise
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            //引发异常e,则promise必须拒绝
            reject(e)
          }
        }, 0);
      }

      if (this.status === REJECTED) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = onRejected(this.reason);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e)
          }
        }, 0);
      }

      if (this.status === PENDING) {
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e)
            }
          }, 0);
        });

        this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(()=> {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = onRejected(this.reason);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject)
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e)
            }
          }, 0);
        });
      }
    });

    return promise2;
  }
}

const promise = new Promise1((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    reject('失败');
  },1000);
}).then().then().then(data=>{
  console.log(data);
},err=>{
  console.log('err',err);
})

测试用例

const promise = new Promise1((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    reject('失败');
  },1000);
}).then().then().then(data=>{
  console.log(data);
},err=>{
  console.log('err',err);
})

手写 Promise.all

function isPromise(obj) {
  return ((typeof obj === 'object' && obj != null) || typeof obj === 'function') && typeof obj.then == 'function';
}

function myPromiseAll(promisesArr) {
  let result = []
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    for (let i = 0; i < promisesArr.length; i++) {
      if (isPromise(promisesArr[i])) {
        promisesArr[i].then(data => {
          result[i] = data;
          if (result.length === promisesArr.length) {//关键点是何时"决议",也就是何时resolve出来
            resolve(result)
          }
        }).catch(error => {
          reject(error)
        })
      } else {
        result[i] = promisesArr[i];
      }
    }
  })
}
let p1 = Promise.resolve(3);
let p2 = 1337;
let p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');
});

myPromiseAll([p1, p2, p3]).then(values => {
  console.log(values); // [3, 1337, "foo"]
});

Promise.race

function isPromise(obj) {
  return ((typeof obj === 'object' && obj != null) || typeof obj === 'function') && typeof obj.then == 'function';
}
function myPromiseRace(promisesArr) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    for (let i = 0; i < promisesArr.length; i++) {
      if (isPromise(promisesArr[i])) {
        promisesArr[i].then(resolve, reject);
      } else {
        resolve(promisesArr[i])
      }
    }
  });
}

let promise1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(resolve, 500, 'one');
});

let promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(reject, 100, 'two');
});

myPromiseRace([promise1, promise2]).then((value) => {
  console.log(value);
  // Both resolve, but promise2 is faster
});

练一练

const promise1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve('success')
  }, 1000)
})
const promise2 = promise1.then(() => {
  throw new Error('error!!!')
})

console.log('promise1', promise1)
console.log('promise2', promise2)

setTimeout(() => {
  console.log('promise1', promise1)
  console.log('promise2', promise2)
}, 2000)

promise1 Promise { <pending> }
promise2 Promise { <pending> }
(node:50928) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection (rejection id: 1): Error: error!!!
(node:50928) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.
promise1 Promise { 'success' }
promise2 Promise {
<rejected> Error: error!!!
at promise.then (...)
at <anonymous> }

解释:promise 有 3 种状态:pending、fulfilled 或 rejected。状态改变只能是 pending->fulfilled 或者 pending->rejected,状态一旦改变则不能再变。promise2 是 promise1 返回的一个新的 Promise 实例。

Promise.resolve(1)
  .then(2)
  .then(Promise.resolve(3))
  .then(console.log)

1

解释:.then 或者 .catch 的参数期望是函数,传入非函数则会发生值穿透。

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log('once')
    resolve('success')
  }, 1000)
})

const start = Date.now()
promise.then((res) => {
  console.log(res, Date.now() - start)
})
promise.then((res) => {
  console.log(res, Date.now() - start)
})

once
success 1005
success 1007

解释:promise 的 .then 或者 .catch 可以被调用多次,但这里 Promise 构造函数只执行一次。或者说 promise 内部状态一经改变,并且有了一个值,那么后续每次调用 .then 或者 .catch 都会直接拿到该值。

参考:https://juejin.cn/post/6844903509742075911#heading-2

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