上句见：Day82
The Story of Philosophy的第83句：第1章Plato第1节The Context of Plato第6段第9句：

At first this philosophy was physical; it looked out upon the material world and asked what was the final and irreducible constituent of things. The natural termination of this line of thought was the materialism of Democritus(460-360 B.C.) — “in reality there is nothing but atoms and space.” This was one of the main streams of Greek speculation; it passed underground for a time in Plato’s day, but emerged in Epicurus(342-270), and became a torrent of eloquence in Lucretius(98-55 B.C.). But the most characteristic and fertile developments of Greek philosophy took form with the Sophists, traveling teachers of wisdom, who looked within upon their own thought and nature, rather than out upon the world of things. They were all clever men (Gorgias and Hippias, for example), and many of them were profound (Protagoras, Prodices); there is hardly a problem or a solution in our current philosophy of mind and conduct which they did not realize and discuss. They asked questions about anything; they stood unafraid in the presence of religious or political taboos; and boldly subpoenaed every creed and institution to appear before the judgementseat of reason. In politics they divided into two schools. One, like Rousseau, argued that nature is good, and civilization bad; that by nature all men are equal, becoming unequal only by class-made institutions; and that law is an invention of the strong to chain and rule the weak. Another school, like Nietzsche, claimed that nature is beyond good and evil; that by nature all men are unequal; that morality is an invention of the weak to limit and deter the strong; that power is the supreme virtue, and the supreme desire of man; and that of all forms of government the wisest and most natural is aristocracy.
浙江大学版本：其二就像后来的尼采，认为人的本性无所谓善恶，人一出生即不平等，是弱者拿来牵制强者的工具，这一派还认为，权力是最高的德行，是人类至高的追求，贵族制才是最有效、最自然的政府组织形式。

解析

这句讲的是智者的另一学派。前三点都是依据前面一派一一对应而写的。
1、Another school, like Nietzsche, claimed that nature is beyond good and evil;
自然观：观点如尼采，主张自然无善恶。
beyond good and evil 超越善恶，那就是不区分善恶。

2、that by nature all men are unequal;
等级观：人生而不平等的。

3、that morality is an invention of the weak to limit and deter the strong;
强弱者关系：认为道德是弱者用来绑架强者的工具。

3、that power is the supreme virtue, and the supreme desire of man;
权力：最高美德及人的至高追求。
supreme：highest in rank or authority，表示“最高的”、“至上的”。它来源于拉丁语形容词“superus”的最高级形成“supremus”。super-表示“上，超过”。
举例Microbes reigned supreme for much of Earth's history.微生物统治着整个地球。

4、and that of all forms of government the wisest and most natural is aristocracy.
推崇贵族制：在所有的政府形式，贵族制是最明智的也是最自然的。
这句是倒装句，正常语序是aristocracy is the wisest and most natural of all forms of government.

另一派观点如尼采，认为自然无善亦无恶，所有人自然是不公平的。同时他们还认为道德不过是弱者为了牵制强者而发明出来的工具。他们强调权力是至高的美德，是人们至高无上的欲望；在所有政府形式中，他们认为贵族统治是最明智和最自然的。

这种强权政治一反“众生平等”，极力强调个人力量，忽略人人力量发挥是有赖于集体力量。强权政治很依赖个体的品格，极易操纵人，容易造成类似法西斯对世界造成的伤害。人是权力的动物，一味鼓吹权力，一味追求权力，无所谓方式，是很恐惧的。强者，何为强者？什么标准？有权力达到“强者”这个位置难道就是强者？强者个性如何得到统一？没有统一的强者如何能将整个世界利益最大化呢？强者以自己的意识强加给弱者，弱者不一定水士相服。

整篇

这篇主要探讨了古希腊哲学的发展脉络以及不同学派的观点。

最初这种哲学是物质的，它重在物质世界并寻求事物的终极的、不可分的成分。沿着这条线的思考的终点并是德谟克的物质主义：“实际上，除了原子及虚空，并无他物。”这是古希腊哲学的主流分支之一，在柏拉图时代暗中流传，在伊壁鸠鲁时期重新出现，在卢克莱修时期迸发。但是古希腊哲学中最具特色及最多产的成型于智者学派。智者学派是一些教授智慧的巡回老师，他们向内关注自己思想及本性，非外在的物质世界。他们全都睿智非凡，譬如高尔吉亚（Gorgias）和希庇亚斯（Hippos）；大多思想深邃，如普罗泰戈拉（Protagoras）和普罗多克勒斯（Prodicus）；当今人类有关心智与行为的哲学所解决的或㠪解决的议题，几乎没有他们没探讨过的。他们无所不问，在宗教及政治禁忌面前毫无畏惧，敢于将每种信条及制度置于理性的审判台前进行审判。在政治上，他们分成两派。一派观点如卢梭，支持自然是美好的，而文明是丑恶的；他们还认为所有人在自然条件是平等的，只是在阶级制度下才变得不平等；同时，他们坚称法律是强者发明来奴役弱者的工具。另一派观点则如尼采，声称自然是超越善恶，人一出生就是不平等；所谓的道德是弱者发明用来牵制强者的工具；权力是至高无上的美德，也是人们的终极追求；贵族制是所有政府制度中最明智的也是最自然的。