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造轮子之 Android 多线程多任务断点续传下载器(实现篇)

2017-03-22  本文已影响1810人  VitaminChen

上一篇 分析了实现一个 Android 多任务多线程下载器需要考虑的问题,这一篇就开始分析具体的代码实现了
Demo地址:https://github.com/4dcity/DownloadDemo

1. 下载请求 DownloadRequest

这是一个单纯的保存网络请求的不可变类,采用Builder模式,方便后期扩展更多的请求参数:

public class DownloadRequest{
    @Expose private final String downloadUrl;
    @Expose private final String downloadDir;
    @Expose private final String downloadName;

    private DownloadRequest(Builder builder) {
        downloadUrl = builder.downloadUrl;
        downloadDir = builder.downloadDir;
        downloadName = builder.downloadName;
    }
//省略Builder、getter、setter代码...
}

@Expose 注解是为了使用Gson序列化

2. 下载记录 DownloadRecord

这个类也比较简单,主要用来记录跟下载任务相关的数据。不过有几个字段 downloadStatecurrentLengthcompletedSubTask 会有并发读写的情况,所以需要做同步处理。另外实现了 Comparable 可以按照创建时间对任务进行排序

public class DownloadRecord implements Comparable<DownloadRecord>{
    @Expose private final DownloadRequest request; //下载请求
    @Expose private int downloadState; //下载状态
    @Expose private int currentLength; // 已经下载的数据大小
    @Expose private int fileLength; // 文件总大小
    @Expose private int completedSubTask; // 完成的子任务数
    @Expose private List<SubTask> subTaskList; //记录子任务的列表
    @Expose private long createTime;// 任务创建时间,可以用来排序

    DownloadRecord(DownloadRequest request) {
        this.request = request;
        subTaskList = new ArrayList<>();
        downloadState = DownloadUtil.STATE_INITIAL;
        createTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    synchronized public int getCurrentLength() {
        return currentLength;
    }

    synchronized public int getDownloadState() {
        return downloadState;
    }

    synchronized void setDownloadState(int downloadState) {
        this.downloadState = downloadState;
    }

    synchronized boolean completeSubTask(){
        completedSubTask++;
        if(completedSubTask == subTaskList.size()){
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    synchronized void increaseLength(int length) {
        currentLength+=length;
    }

    public int getProgress(){
        return Math.round(getCurrentLength() / (getFileLength() * 1.0f) * 100);
    }

    synchronized void reset(){
        currentLength = 0;
        fileLength = 0;
        completedSubTask = 0;
        downloadState = DownloadUtil.STATE_INITIAL;
        subTaskList.clear();
    }

    void linkSubTask(){
        for (SubTask subTask : subTaskList) {
            subTask.setRecord(this);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(@NonNull DownloadRecord o) {
        if(createTime < o.getCreateTime()) return -1;
        if(createTime > o.getCreateTime()) return 1;
        return 0;
    }

  // 省略一些 getter,setter方法
  ...
}

3. 开启一个下载任务 DownloadTask

继承一个 AsyncTask,实现获取文件长度,并开启子线程开始下载的功能。这两步是串行操作,因为必须要获取文件长度才知道如何分配子任务。

public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<DownloadRecord, Integer, DownloadRecord> {
    @Override
    protected DownloadRecord doInBackground(DownloadRecord... params) {
        DownloadRecord record = params[0];
        try {
            URL url = new URL(record.getDownloadUrl());
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            conn.setConnectTimeout(DownloadUtil.TIME_OUT);
            conn.connect();
            int fileLength = conn.getContentLength(); // 这里获取到文件长度
            RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(record.getFilePath(), "rwd");
            file.setLength(fileLength);
            record.setFileLength(fileLength); // 保存文件长度到 DownloadRecord
            DownloadUtil.get().fileLengthSet(record);
            return record;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            DownloadUtil.get().downloadFailed(record, "Get filelength failed!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(DownloadRecord record) {
        if (record != null) {
            //把要下载的文件分成N段,N为设置的下载子线程的数量
            int blockSize = record.getFileLength() / DownloadUtil.sThreadNum;
            // 初始化 N 个子任务,丢到线程池里开始执行真正的下载
            for (int i = 0; i < DownloadUtil.sThreadNum; i++) {
                int startL = i * blockSize;
                int endL = (i + 1) * blockSize;
                if (i == DownloadUtil.sThreadNum - 1)
                    endL = record.getFileLength();
                SubTask subTask = new SubTask(record, startL, endL);
                record.getSubTaskList().add(subTask);
                DownloadUtil.sExecutor.execute(subTask);
            }
            //保存一下当前 record 的状态数据到本地存储
            DownloadUtil.get().saveRecord(record);
        }
    }
}

4. 下载的子任务 SubTask

这里是真正执行文件下载的部分,实现为 Runnable 方便在线程池执行,并且通过在循环里判断任务状态实现任务的暂停:

public class SubTask implements Runnable {
    private DownloadRecord record;
    @Expose private int startLocation; // 下载文件的起点位置
    @Expose private int endLocation; // 下载文件的终点位置

    private InputStream is;
    private RandomAccessFile file;

    public SubTask(DownloadRecord record, int startLocation, int endLocation) {
        this.record = record;
        this.startLocation = startLocation;
        this.endLocation = endLocation;
    }

    void setRecord(DownloadRecord record) {
        this.record = record;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            URL url = new URL(record.getDownloadUrl());
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startLocation + "-" + endLocation);
            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            conn.setConnectTimeout(DownloadUtil.TIME_OUT);
            conn.setReadTimeout(30 * 1000);
            is = conn.getInputStream();
            file = new RandomAccessFile(record.getFilePath(), "rwd");
            file.seek(startLocation); // 指定开始写文件的位置
            byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
            int len;
            // 为了实现任务的中断,必须在循环写入的时候,判断当前任务的状态,
            // 如果状态不是 STATE_DOWNLOADING,需要立即跳出循环,以实现暂停下载的功能
            while (record.getDownloadState() == DownloadUtil.STATE_DOWNLOADING
                    && (len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                file.write(buffer, 0, len);
                startLocation += len;
                record.increaseLength(len); // 每成功写入一段,就修改已下载的文件长度
                DownloadUtil.get().progressUpdated(record);
            }
            // 满足这个条件,代表该子任务下载完了自己那部分的数据,需要把 DownloadRecord 里记录已完成子任务数的变量值+1
            // 如果自己是最后一个完成的,那么表示整个下载任务完成    
            if (record.getDownloadState() == DownloadUtil.STATE_DOWNLOADING) {
                if (record.completeSubTask()) {
                    DownloadUtil.get().taskFinished(record);
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException exception) {
            DownloadUtil.get().downloadFailed(record, "subtask failed!");
        } finally {
            try {
                DownloadUtil.get().saveRecord(record);
                file.close();
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException | NullPointerException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

5. 任务调度者 TaskDispatcher

维护一个无界的阻塞队列,不断的从队列头部取出待执行的任务,如果没有任务就阻塞,知道有新的任务被加入队列。
但是从队列取出任务之后还不能立即开始执行,比如可能设置了最大同时下载的任务数是5,现在达到这个上限了,那么新加入的下载任务就必须等待,直到有任务完成后,会释放信号量(后面 DownloadUtil 部分会讲)

public class TaskDispatcher extends Thread {
    private BlockingQueue<DownloadRecord> mRecordQueue;
    private volatile boolean mQuit = false;

    public TaskDispatcher() {
        mRecordQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
    }

    public void quit() {
        mQuit = true;
        interrupt();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (!isInterrupted()) {
            try {
                DownloadRecord record = mRecordQueue.take(); // 取出一个下载任务,如果队列为空就阻塞在这里
                DownloadUtil.sDownloadPermit.acquire(); // 获取信号量,获取不到就阻塞在这里,直到有下载完成的任务释放一个信号量
                if (record.getDownloadState() == DownloadUtil.STATE_REENQUEUE) {
                    // 这里对应暂停后重新启动的情形,详见后面 DownloadUtil 的分析
                    DownloadUtil.get().resume(record.getId());
                } else {
                    // 这里对应新开始的任务的情形
                    DownloadUtil.get().start(record);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                if (mQuit) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void enqueueRecord(DownloadRecord record) {
        mRecordQueue.add(record);
    }
}

6. 持久化存储 DataHelper

这个没什么好说的,用 Gson 实现序列化和反序列化,需要注意用 @Expose 标记需要序列化的字段。也可以改用数据库实现。

7. 大总管 DownloadUtil

这个类主要有以下几个功能:

有以下需要注意的地方:

public class DownloadUtil {
    // 省略一大堆常量 ...

    static ExecutorService sExecutor;
    static Map<String, DownloadRecord> sRecordMap;
    static Semaphore sDownloadPermit;
    static int sThreadNum;

    private static DownloadUtil instance;
    private TaskDispatcher mTaskDispatcher;
    private LocalBroadcastManager mBroadcastManager;
    private DataHelper mDataHelper;
    private boolean initialized = false;
    private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver;

    /**
     * 使用前必须调用初始化方法
     */
    public DownloadUtil init(Context context) {
        if (initialized) return instance; // 如果已经调用过就直接返回
        mBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context.getApplicationContext());
        mDataHelper = new DataHelper(context.getApplicationContext());
        loadAll();
        initialized = true;
        return instance;
    }

    /**
     * 必须在init之前调用
     * @param number 能够同时下载的任务数
     */
    public DownloadUtil setMaxConcurrentTask(int number) {
        if (initialized) return instance;
        sDownloadPermit = new Semaphore(number);
        return instance;
    }

    private DownloadUtil() {
        sRecordMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        sExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        sDownloadPermit = new Semaphore(DEFAULT_TASK_AMOUNT);
        sThreadNum = DEFAULT_THREAD_AMOUNT;
        mTaskDispatcher = new TaskDispatcher();
        mTaskDispatcher.start();
    }
    
    /**
     * 单例模式
     */
    public static DownloadUtil get() {
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (DownloadUtil.class) {
                if (instance == null)
                    instance = new DownloadUtil();
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

    /**
     * 发起一个下载请求,发起成功会返回对应下载任务的id
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    public String enqueue(DownloadRequest request) {
        if (!checkRequest(request)) {
            return null;
        }
        DownloadRecord record = new DownloadRecord(request);
        sRecordMap.put(request.getId(), record);
        mTaskDispatcher.enqueueRecord(record);
        DownloadUtil.get().newTaskAdd(record);
        return request.getId();
    }

    /**
     * 只针对 STATE_REENQUEUE 和 STATE_DOWNLOADING 的任务有效,
     * 其他情况返回 false
     */
    public boolean pause(String taskId) {
        DownloadRecord record = sRecordMap.get(taskId);
        if (record != null) {
            if (record.getDownloadState() == STATE_INITIAL
                    || record.getDownloadState() == STATE_PAUSED
                    || record.getDownloadState() == STATE_CANCELED
                    || record.getDownloadState() == STATE_FAILED
                    || record.getDownloadState() == STATE_FINISHED)
                return false;

            sRecordMap.get(taskId).setDownloadState(STATE_PAUSED);
            sDownloadPermit.release();
            Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_PAUSED);
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TASK_ID, taskId);
            mBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public boolean resume(String taskId) {
        if (sRecordMap.get(taskId) != null) {
            DownloadRecord record = sRecordMap.get(taskId);
            record.setDownloadState(STATE_DOWNLOADING);
            Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_RESUME);
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_TASK_ID, taskId);
            mBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
            for (int i = 0; i < record.getSubTaskList().size(); i++) {
                sExecutor.execute(record.getSubTaskList().get(i));
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 注册回调监听,通过内部的  BroadcastReceiver 分发事件
     * 也可以调用者自己注册 BroadcastReceiver 监听事件
     */
    public void registerListener(Context context, final DownloadListener listener) {
        if (listener == null)
            return;

        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(ACTION_NEW_TASK_ADD);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_START);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_FILE_LENGTH_GET);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_PROGRESS);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_PAUSED);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_REENQUEUE);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_RESUME);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_FINISHED);
        filter.addAction(ACTION_FAILED);

        mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                DownloadRecord record = DownloadUtil.parseRecord(intent);
                switch (intent.getAction()) {
                    case ACTION_NEW_TASK_ADD:
                        listener.onNewTaskAdd(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_START:
                        listener.onStart(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_FILE_LENGTH_GET:
                        listener.onFileLengthGet(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_PROGRESS:
                        listener.onProgress(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_PAUSED:
                        listener.onPaused(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_RESUME:
                        listener.onResume(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_REENQUEUE:
                        listener.onReEnqueue(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_CANCELED:
                        listener.onCanceled(record);
                        break;
                    case ACTION_FAILED:
                        listener.onFailed(record, intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_ERROR_MSG));
                        break;
                    case ACTION_FINISHED:
                        listener.onFinish(record);
                        break;
                }
            }
        };
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
    }

    public void destroy() {
        mBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
        mTaskDispatcher.quit();
        stopAllTask();
        saveAll();
        sRecordMap.clear();
        sRecordMap = null;
        sDownloadPermit = null;
        sExecutor = null;
        instance = null;
        initialized = false;
    }

    //省略一大堆其他方法 ...
}

8. 总结

实现一个多任务多线程支持断点续传的下载管理器,最大的收获是熟悉了很多多线程中的概念,同步,信号量,线程池,阻塞队列,线程中断等,真的是掌握多线程的一个完美的练手项目。
最后项目还有很多需要完善的地方,比如可以把 DownloadUtil 封装到 Service 里面,以及一些健壮性上的考虑,后期再继续完善吧。

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