[Py_21]自动化测试项目综合实战(Python+Seleni

一、项目背景

在Web测试站点的新闻子页面(http://localhost/news/)进行登录测试

二、功能实现

• 自动运行用例
• 自动生成测试报告
• 自动断言与截图
• PageObject+UnitTest
  
  

三、项目架构

AutoTest_Project架构

四、执行过程实现

项目目录结构：

1.浏览器driver的定义

driver.py

# 浏览器的定义
from selenium import webdriver

# 启动浏览器驱动
def browser():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    # driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    # driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()

    # driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

    return driver

# 调试运行
if __name__ == '__main__':
    browser()

2.工具方法模块（实现截图和保存）

function.py

from selenium import webdriver
import os

def insert_img(driver,filename):
    func_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)   # 获取当前脚本所在目录的绝对路径
    print(func_path)

    base_dir = os.path.dirname(func_path)   # 获取当前脚本的上一级目录的绝对路径
    print(base_dir)

    base_dir = str(base_dir)    # 以字符串方式来处理
    base_dir = base_dir.replace('\\','/')   # 将'\\'替换为'/'
    print(base_dir)
    base = base_dir.split("/Website")[0]   # 将base_dir的绝对路径以"/Website"做拆分点形成列表，分为2个元素部分
    print(base)

    filepath = base+"/Website/TestReport/screenshot/"+filename   # filename以自定义名称作为参数
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file(filepath) # 保存截图文件到指定的路径

# 内部调试
if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    insert_img(driver,"111.png")
    driver.quit()

PageObject页面对象的封装

3.基础页面类的模块

BasePage.py

from time import sleep

'''创建页面基础类'''
class Page():
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self,driver):
       self.base_url = "http://localhost"
       self.driver = driver
       self.timeout = 10

    # 定义打开不同的子页面方法
    # 下划线开头的_open()方法代表私有方法，不可直接调用，防止被随意修改
    def _open(self,u_para):
        url = self.base_url+u_para
        print("Test page is: %s" %url)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(url)
        sleep(2)
        assert self.driver.current_url==url,"Did not land on %s" %url

    # 定义公开的open()方法，实现调用_pen(u_Para)方法
    def open(self):
        self._open(self.u_para)

    # 封装元素定位的方法
    def find_element(self,*loc): # 定位的方式、定位的属性可变化
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

4.news登录页面类的模块

LoginPage.py

from BasePage import *
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

'''创建首页登录页面的类'''
class LoginPage(Page):
    u_para = "/news/" # 当调用open()方法时相当于构造的url="http://localhost/news/"

    # 设置定位器
    username_loc = (By.NAME,"username")
    password_loc = (By.NAME,"password")
    submit_loc = (By.NAME,"Submit")

    # 定义username输入框元素的定位、输入方法
    def type_username(self,username):
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear() # 调用find_element()方法，username定位器变量作为参数传入
        self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username) # 输入username参数值

    # 定义password输入框元素的定位、输入方法
    def type_password(self,password):
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()
        self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)

    # 定义Submit按钮元素的点击方法
    def type_submit(self):
        self.find_element(*self.submit_loc).click()

    # 封装登录功能模块的方法
    def login_action(self,username,password):
        self.open()
        self.type_username(username)
        self.type_password(password)
        self.type_submit()

    # 设置登录成功和失败的定位器
    loginPass_loc = (By.LINK_TEXT,"我的空间")   # 登录成功后出现“我的空间”元素
    loginFail_loc = (By.NAME,"username")    # 登录失败后自动回返回首页未登录状态，有用户名和密码输入框

    # 返回实际定位的值，作为与预期相比的判断依据
    def type_loginPass_hint(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.loginPass_loc).text

    def type_loginFail_hint(self):
        return self.find_element(*self.loginFail_loc).text

5.unittest组织测试用例

• Case01：用户名和密码正确，点击登录
• Case02：用户名正确，密码错误，点击登录
• Case03：用户名和密码为空，点击登录

test_login.py

import unittest
from time import sleep
from page_object.LoginPage import *
from model import function, myunit

class LoginTest(myunit.StartEnd):
    # @unittest.skip("skp this case")
    def test_login01_normal(self):
        '''username is ok,password is ok'''
        print("test_login01_normal is starting running...")
        po = LoginPage(self.driver) # 创建LoginPage类的对象po
        po.login_action("Test001","123456")
        sleep(3)

        # 断言、截屏
        self.assertEqual(po.type_loginPass_hint(),"我的空间")
        function.insert_img(self.driver,"login01_normal.png")
        print("test_login01_normal's test is end !")

    # @unittest.skip
    def test_login02_passwordError(self):
        '''username is ok,password is error'''
        print("test_login02_passwordError is starting running...")
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.login_action("Test001","123")
        sleep(3)

        self.assertEqual(po.type_loginFail_hint(),"")
        function.insert_img(self.driver,"login02_fail.png")
        print("test_login02_passwordError's test is end !")

    # @unittest.skip
    def test_login03_empty(self):
        '''username and password are empty'''
        print("test_login03_empty is starting running...")
        po = LoginPage(self.driver)
        po.login_action("","")
        sleep(3)

        self.assertEqual(po.type_loginFail_hint(),"")
        function.insert_img(self.driver,"login03_empty.png")
        print("test_login03_empty's test is end !")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

6.执行测试用例

run_test.py

import time
import unittest
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner

report_dir = "./TestReport/"
test_dir = "./TestCase/"

print("Start runnig TestCase...")
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="test_login.py")    # 设定目录，及其匹配的规则
now = time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
report_name = report_dir+now+"_result.html"

print("Start writting report...")
# Python3运行前记得把BSTestRunner.py 120行 'unicode'-->'str' 以免报错
with open(report_name,'wb') as f:
    runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f,title="Test Report",description="localhost's login test")
    runner.run(discover)
f.close()

print("Test is end !")

7.执行结果

执行脚本后输出的文件 执行用例对应的截图 输出.html格式的测试报告