飞驰人生更需有效制动
《飞驰人生》作为一部赛车题材的影片，在去年春节档推出后曾引发一阵起观影热潮。影片讲述的是张弛驾驶的赛车由于刹车盘被碎石崩坏了一小块，刹车系统在冲刺阶段温度过高，冲过了终点线赢了比赛，但刹车失灵，冲下山崖……
艺术往往源自于生活！梦幻，魔幻，虚幻轮番上演的2020年教会我们必须认识到，有些问题处理不当的话容易造成非常严重的后果，所以我们有必要提前了解掌握一些紧急处理措施。 刹车失效，预防大于补救。
首先我们来分析一下刹车为什么会突然失效。一般来说主要有以下几种原因。
（1）刹车油吸水变质，导致沸点显著降低，在制动过程中出现气化并形成气阻，从而造成制动效能下降。
（2）刹车管路破损，刹车油泄漏，导致驾驶员踩踏刹车踏板的作用力无法传递到车轮制动器上。
（3）制动助力器的膜片或真空管路破损，导致刹车助力丧失，刹车踩不动，制动效能大幅下降，令驾驶员感觉刹车“失灵”。
（4）使用了劣质刹车盘和刹车片，在反复制动（如长下坡路段）或大负荷制动（如超载）等情况下出现了“热衰减”，摩擦力急剧降低。
（5）刹车盘和刹车片疏于检查，出现了过度磨损，此时作为刹车的终端执行者他们无法产生足够的摩擦力，导致刹车失效。
了解了刹车失灵的主要原因，我们就应该意识到，在日常用车中对于制动系统的检查是多么的重要。因此，强烈建议车主朋友们选择具备相应资质的维修企业进行车辆的日常养护，并且一定要选择合格的制动系统零部件产品。
在《飞驰人生》在上映后很长一段时间，广大车粉网民们还就怎样进行一番神操作可以避免悲剧的发生而进行过热闹的讨论比如为什么不用手刹？能不能通过降档操作，用发动机制动？能不能抢挡减速，跳车自救？
那么，回到现实，万一在行车时遇到了刹车失灵的情况，应该如何应对呢？
（1）首先也是最重要的，一定要保持冷静，然后松开油门踏板并开启危险警告灯（双闪灯），以警告其他车辆的驾驶员。即便他们无法准确获知您的车出了什么问题，但是也足够引起他们的注意，从而有效避让。
（2）很多情况下，刹车并非完全失效，仍能保有一定的制动力，只是驾驶员感觉像没有刹车一样。因此驾驶员在此时仍然应该反复快速踩踏制动踏板，将剩余的制动力作用到车轮上，尽可能降低车速。
（3）如果您驾驶的是手动挡车辆，则应该控制变速器降低一个挡位，通过拉高发动机转速的方式实现“发动机制动”。然后等待几秒钟再换入更低的一个挡位，如此反复直到降至最低挡。
（4）如果您驾驶的是自动挡车辆，则应换入手动模式，然后强制变速器降挡，以实现发动机制动。如果您的车辆没有手动模式，则应注意变速器换挡杆处是否有L挡位，即低速挡，该挡位也可以实现一定的发动机制动效果。
（5）当车速降低到大约30km/h左右时，尝试拉起驻车制动手柄，通过驻车制动器来将车辆完全刹停。需要特别注意的是，驻车制动器一般只对后轮进行制动，快速拉起时容易使后轮抱死，从而产生甩尾的现象。因此，应缓慢操作驻车制动手柄，感觉车辆有甩尾迹象时则应适度放松手柄。对于电控驻车制动器来说，一般系统会对车辆速度和车轮抱死状态进行监控，并进行相应的控制，反而无需驾驶员进行过多干预。
（6）如果以上措施无法将车辆停下来，或者道路交通条件无法留出充裕的时间进行以上操作。驾驶员就需要通过一些障碍物来迫使车辆停下来了，例如道路一侧的隔离带、墙体、灌木丛等。在长下坡路段，注意路侧是否有紧急避险坡道可以有效地帮助刹车失控的车辆停下来。但是进行这样的操作时很容易造成车辆失控，因此操作一定要非常谨慎，尽量轻柔地接触障碍物。同时车内乘员也应系好安全带并保持正确的坐姿，从而将碰撞造成的伤害降到最低。
电影中张驰所遇到的情况虽然是一个艺术化加工放大的呈现，但是毋庸置疑的是作为核心安全装置的刹车系统，其工作效率是保证行车安全的基本。广大车友应定期对车辆的制动系统进行检查，按照维护要求按时更换刹车盘、刹车片及刹车油，并且一定要选择质量可靠的零部件产品及油品。在下期推送中我们再来讲讲在对刹车部件的维护中应重点检查的事项以及问题征兆的预判。
关注 RHbrakes了解更多关于车辆驾驶与维护的信息：
“Pegasus”, a movie themed racing cars, opened across the country at the period of Spring Festival 2019, and ever brought a hit to the box-office at that time. The movie tells a story that the racing driver Chi Zhang, try every means to take part in a racing game. In the course, the brake disc is broken a little by gravel, and the brake system is overheating in the final dash for finish. And in the end he and his car win the game but rush to the cliff due to braking failure.
Art always originates from life. The year of 2020, with fantasticality, incredibility and dreamlike reality being staged one after another, teaches us if some problems are not well coped with, they may give rise to terrible consequences. Therefore it is of much necessity to learn and have good command of response measures in special emergent situations.In regard to brake failure, prevention beats remediation for ever.
First of all let’s
have an analysis of what make brake failure. Generally speaking, there are
following reasons.
(1) Brake fluid goes deteriorated due to water absorption,getting its boiling point lower. And in this situation, vaporization occurs atbraking to be developed into air resistance, declining the braking performance.
(2) Brake line is damaged to leak brake fluid, resulting in incapable transfer of the acting force onto the brake pedal to the brake partsin wheels.
(3) Brake aid is incapable because of broken brake booster diaphragm or vacuum pipe, leading to the brake pedal being unable to step down.This significant decline of brake force gives the drivers a false sense of“brake failure”.
(4) Vehicles are equipped with brake pads or brake discs in poor quality. Repeated braking at long downhill section or braking with heavy load (overload), the brake parts will have the problem of heat fading, which sharply declines the brake force.
(5) Brake pads and brake discs are not checked regularly, resulting in over wear. And then as the terminal executive parts of braking, they can not generate sufficient friction to stop vehicles, leading to brake failure.
After learning the predominant reasons for brake failure, we should be aware of how important to check the brake system in ordinary use. Therefore it is strongly recommended to have your vehicles maintained periodically in repair shops with qualifications, and to choose qualified brake parts all the time.
For a long while after the “Pegasus”, netizens of car lovers are quite high on the topic online how to operate magically avoiding or mitigating the final tragedy. Such as,why not apply parking brake? Is it workable to brake by the engine after downshifting? How about jumping off the car after shifting down? ……
Well, now back to reality. What if in the event of brake failure on the way?
(1) First and foremost, calm down in this emergent situation and release the gas pedal and turn on hazard warning lights (emergency flashers) to warn other drivers. So that the others will be alert and keep away from yours, even they don’t know what happened to your vehicle.
(2) In some case, the brake doesn’t absolutely fail, but remaining a little braking force to be felt like brakeless. Then the driver is suggested to step down the brake pedal repeatedly and rapidly, so as to act the remaining braking force onto the wheels, containing the speed as hard as possible.
(3) If the vehicle is of manual transmission, shift down one gear in this situation, in an attampt to implement engine braking by revving up the engine. And a couple seconds later, downshift into another lower gear, repeatedly until into the lowest gear.
When the vehicle slows down to about 30km/h, try to pull up the hand grip to stop the vehicle by parking brake. It is notable that parking brake, only acting brake to rear wheels, once being pulled up quickly, is liable to lock the rear wheels, resulting in drifting. On account of this, the hand grip should be pulled up gently, and be released moderately once there are signs of drifting. For electronic controlled parking brake, system is generally able to supervise the vehicle speed and wheels to be locked, and then make control accordingly, without requiring the driver’s involvement.
RoadHouse here reminds you:Although the situation Chi Zhang comes across is an artistical amplification of real life, the brake system, to no one’s doubt, as a pivotal safety part, is essential to secure our driving. Periodical maintenance to brake system is necessary. And brake pads, brake discs and brake fluid should be replaced in at timely manner, following the maitenance requirements. Last but not least, buy the brake parts and brake fluid with quality guaranteed. Stay tune for our next post with the topic of how to inspect the brake parts in regular maintenance and what symptom we should be on alert.
