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使用Spring Mobile实现网站移动端适配及更换主题

2018-08-17  本文已影响159人  jessehua

现在的网站,很多都有需要动态更换主题风格的需求,比如每到特殊节日,更换为带有节日气氛的主题。还有用户通过手机端浏览器访问,如果没有做移动端的适配,你的网站基本也是没办法看的。本文介绍了使用Spring Mobile实现网站移动端适配及动态更换网站主题风格。

Spring Mobile简介

Spring Mobile可以检测出当前请求使用的设备是PC、还是手机或者是平板以及用户设备是安卓平台还是iOS平台,然后根据请求设备的不同,返回适合该设备的视图。

引入Spring Mobile

如果你的项目是基于Spring Boot构建的,只需在项目中引入Spring Mobile的starter即可:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mobile</artifactId>
</dependency>

上代码

本文使用的是Thymeleaf模板引擎,其它模板引擎原理也是一样的。application.properties文件中Thymeleaf模板引擎的配置如下:

# THYMELEAF
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
spring.thymeleaf.mode=LEGACYHTML5
spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true
spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html

创建controller:

@Controller
public class TestController {
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String test() {
        return "test";
    }
}

在/resources/templates目录下,新建default目录,用于存放PC端默认主题的视图。新建test.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>这里是【PC端测试页面】</h2>
</body>
</html>

在/resources/templates目录下,新建theme-blue目录,用于存放PC端蓝色主题的视图。新建test.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2 style="color: deepskyblue">这里是【PC端测试页面-蓝色主题】</h2>
</body>
</html>

在/resources/templates目录下,新建mobile目录,用于存放移动端默认主题的视图。新建test.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>这里是【移动端测试页面】</h2>
</body>
</html>

在/resources/templates目录下,新建theme-mobile-blue目录,用于存放移动端蓝色主题的视图。新建test.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2 style="color: deepskyblue">这里是【移动端测试页面-蓝色主题】</h2>
</body>
</html>

新建主题视图解析类ThemeViewResolver:

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.Device;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.DeviceUtils;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.util.ResolverUtils;
import org.springframework.mobile.device.view.LiteDeviceDelegatingViewResolver;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.util.ClassLoaderUtils;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Locale;

@Component
public class ThemeViewResolver extends LiteDeviceDelegatingViewResolver {
    // PC端默认主题目录
    private static final String DEFAULT_NORMAL_THEME = "default/";
    // 手机端默认主题目录
    private static final String DEFAULT_MOBILE_THEME = "mobile/";
    // 平板端默认主题目录
    private static final String DEFAULT_TABLET_THEME = "mobile/";

    // PC端当前主题目录
    private static final String CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME = "default/";
    // 手机端当前主题目录
    private static final String CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME = "mobile/";
    // 平板端当前主题目录
    private static final String CURRENT_TABLET_THEME = "mobile/";

    @Value("${spring.thymeleaf.prefix}")
    private String thymeleafPrefix;

    @Value("${spring.thymeleaf.suffix}")
    private String thymeleafSuffix;

    public ThemeViewResolver(@Qualifier("thymeleafViewResolver") ViewResolver delegate) {
        super(delegate);
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        // 是否支持回退
        // true表示如果找不到移动端视图,则使用PC端默认视图
        this.setEnableFallback(true);
        this.setNormalPrefix(DEFAULT_NORMAL_THEME);
        this.setMobilePrefix(DEFAULT_MOBILE_THEME);
        this.setTabletPrefix(DEFAULT_TABLET_THEME);

        // 设置的优先级要比ThymeleafViewResolver高,要在ThymeleafViewResolver之前解析
        this.setOrder(1);
    }

    /**
     * 检查当前请求使用的设备,然后根据请求设备的不同,返回适合该设备的视图名
     */
    @Override
    protected String getDeviceViewNameInternal(String viewName) {
        RequestAttributes attrs = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) attrs).getRequest();
        Device device = DeviceUtils.getCurrentDevice(request);
        String resolvedViewName = viewName;
        String currentTheme = this.getNormalPrefix();
        if (ResolverUtils.isNormal(device, null)) {
            currentTheme = StringUtils.isNotEmpty(CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME) ? appendTrailingSlash(CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME) : this.getNormalPrefix();
            resolvedViewName = currentTheme + viewName + this.getNormalSuffix();
        } else if (ResolverUtils.isMobile(device, null)) {
            currentTheme = StringUtils.isNotEmpty(CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME) ? appendTrailingSlash(CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME) : this.getMobilePrefix();
            resolvedViewName = currentTheme + viewName + this.getMobileSuffix();
        } else if (ResolverUtils.isTablet(device, null)) {
            currentTheme = StringUtils.isNotEmpty(CURRENT_TABLET_THEME) ? appendTrailingSlash(CURRENT_TABLET_THEME) : this.getTabletPrefix();
            resolvedViewName = currentTheme + viewName + this.getTabletSuffix();
        }

        return this.stripTrailingSlash(resolvedViewName);
    }

    @Override
    public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
        // 获取当前设备对应的视图名
        String deviceViewName = this.getDeviceViewName(viewName);
        // 检查设备视图模板是否存在
        boolean deviceViewExisted = checkViewExisted(deviceViewName);
        View view = null;
        if (this.getEnableFallback() && !deviceViewExisted) {
            // 启用回退功能
            // 如果设备视图模板不存在,则返回PC端默认视图
            String normalViewName = this.getNormalPrefix().concat(viewName).concat(this.getNormalSuffix());
            view = this.getViewResolver().resolveViewName(normalViewName, locale);
        } else {
            view = this.getViewResolver().resolveViewName(deviceViewName, locale);
        }

        return view;
    }

    public boolean checkViewExisted(String viewName) {
        String prefix = thymeleafPrefix.replace("classpath:/", StringUtils.EMPTY);
        String fullPath = prefix.concat(viewName).concat(thymeleafSuffix);
        URL url = ClassLoaderUtils.getClassLoader(this.getClass()).getResource(fullPath);

        return url != null;
    }

    private String stripTrailingSlash(String viewName) {
        return viewName.endsWith("//") ? viewName.substring(0, viewName.length() - 1) : viewName;
    }

    private String appendTrailingSlash(String themeName) {
        return themeName.endsWith("/") ? themeName : themeName.concat("/");
    }
}

使用PC端访问:



使用移动端访问:



修改当前使用的主题为蓝色主题:
// PC端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_NORMAL_THEME = "theme-blue/";
// 手机端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_MOBILE_THEME = "theme-mobile-blue/";
// 平板端当前主题目录
private static final String CURRENT_TABLET_THEME = "theme-mobile-blue/";

使用PC端访问:



使用移动端访问:



测试回退功能,删除theme-mobile-blue目录,因为找不到移动端蓝色主题视图,则回退使用PC端默认视图。
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