笃学奖-Topic 1-B18319-外刊精读-Amazon&#
Day 1
词汇
1. Cable
This year Amazon will probably spend twice as much on television as HBO, a cable channel.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词有线电视 Cable is used to refer to television systems in which the signals are sent along underground wires rather than by radio waves.
【搭配模式】：often N n
eg. They ran commercials on cable systems across the country...
他们在全国的有线电视网上投放商业广告。
The channel is only available on cable.
这个频道只有有线电视才能收看。
2.sprinkler
Its own-brand physical products include batteries, almonds, suits and speakers linked to a virtual voice-activated assistant that can control, among other things, your lamps and sprinkler.
N-COUNT 可数名词(浇花草的)洒水器;喷水灭火装置 A sprinkler is a device used to spray water. Sprinklers are used to water plants or grass, or to put out fires in buildings.
3.premise
Yet Amazon’s shareholders are working on the premise that it is just getting started.
N-COUNT 可数名词前提 A premise is something that you suppose is true and that you use as a basis for developing an idea.
eg. The premise is that schools will work harder to improve if they must compete...
前提是，如果各学校必须参与竞争的话，就会更加努力。
The programme started from the premise that men and women are on equal terms in this society.
这个项目是以这个社会男女平等为前提的。
4.scepticism
Ground for scepticism does not come much more fertile than this.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词怀疑态度;怀疑主义Scepticism is great doubt about whether something is true or useful.
eg. There was considerable scepticism about the Chancellor's forecast of a booming economy...
有相当多的人对财政大臣作出的经济会迅猛发展的预测表示怀疑。
The report has inevitably been greeted with scepticism.
那份报告不可避免地受到了质疑。
5.pitfalls ;tick off
It is easy to tick off some of the pitfalls.
N-COUNT 可数名词隐患；陷阱；圈套 The pitfalls involved in a particular activity or situation are the things that may go wrong or may cause problems.
【搭配模式】：usually pl
eg. The pitfalls of working abroad are numerous...
到国外工作存在许多陷阱。
He also points out that forward planning can help avoid stressful pitfalls.
他也指出，预先计划可有助于消除令人不安的隐患。
PHRASAL VERB 短语动词在…上打钩 If you tick off items on a list, you write a tick or other mark next to them, in order to show that they have been dealt with.
此处引申为“罗列”
eg. He ticked off my name on a piece of paper...
他在一张纸上我的名字旁打了钩。
Tick it off in the box.
在方框里打钩。
6.Rival
Rivals will not stand still.
N-COUNT 可数名词竞争者;对手;敌手Your rival is a person, business, or organization who you are competing or fighting against in the same area or for the same things.
eg. The world champion finished more than two seconds ahead of his nearest rival...
世界冠军领先第二名2秒多钟到达终点。
He eliminated his rivals in a brutal struggle for power...
他在一场残酷的权力争斗中将对手一一铲除。
The police believe the fight was due to a dispute between rival teenage gangs.
警察认为这场打斗是由两个敌对的青少年帮派之间的纠纷引起的。
7.revenues ; nudging ; beefing up
Walmart already has revenues nudging $500bn and is beefing up online.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词See also:Inland Revenue;(公司、组织的)收入，收益;（政府的）财政收入，税收Revenue is money that a company, organization, or government receives from people.
【搭配模式】：also N in pl 【FIELD标签】：BUSINESS 商
eg. ...a boom year at the cinema, with record advertising revenue and the highest ticket sales since 1980...
电影院非常景气的一年，创下1980年以来广告及票房收入新高
One study said the government would gain about $12 billion in tax revenues over five years.
一项研究表明政府将在5年中获得约120亿美元的税收。
VERB 动词几乎达到;接近 If someone or something is nudging a particular amount, level, or state, they have almost reached it.
【语法信息】：V n 【搭配模式】：usu cont
eg. ...a little-known stage play writer and actress who was nudging 40 and going nowhere... 一个年近四旬、一事无成、寂寂无闻的舞台剧作者兼演员
The temperature when we were there was nudging 80 degree F.
我们在的时候，那里温度接近80华氏度。
PHRASAL VERB 短语动词改善；加强；改进；提高If you beef up something, you increase, strengthen, or improve it.
eg. ...a campaign to beef up security... 加强安全的运动
Both sides are still beefing up their military strength.
双方仍在增强各自的军事力量。
...a beefed up police presence. 有所增强的警力
8.unprecedented
But the striking thing about the company is how much of a chance it has of achieving such unprecedented goals.
ADJ 形容词前所未有的；空前的；没有先例的If something is unprecedented, it has never happened before.
eg. Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented...
这种做法很罕见，但也不是没有先例的。
In 1987 the Socialists took the unprecedented step of appointing a civilian to command the force.
1987年，社会党人史无前例地任命了一位非军队出身的人来指挥军队。
9.dimensions
N-COUNT 可数名词方面;部分A particular dimension of something is a particular aspect of it.
【搭配模式】：usu with supp
eg. There is a political dimension to the accusations...
这些指控含有政治方面的因素。
This adds a new dimension to our work.
这给我们的工作增添了新的内容。
10.routinely ；whinge about
1.ADV 副词例行地;常规地;通常地If something is routinely done, it is done as a normal part of a job or process.
【搭配模式】：usu ADV with v
eg. Vitamin K isroutinelygiven in the first week of life to prevent bleeding.
出生后第一周通常要服用维生素K，以防止出血。
VERB 动词发牢骚;絮絮叨叨地抱怨 If you say that someone is whingeing, you mean that they are complaining in an annoying way about something unimportant.
【语域标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
eg. ...people who whine and whinge about their alleged misfortunes...
那些哭诉和抱怨他们的所谓不幸的人们。
All she ever does is whinge and complain... 她只是不停地抱怨。
Stop whingeing and get on with it. 别抱怨了，继续做吧。
Whinge is also a noun.
eg. It must be really depressing listening to everybody's whinges.
听每个人的抱怨肯定非常地郁闷。
11.streaming video ; entice
That gives Amazon more cash for new services—such as two-hour shipping and streaming video and music—which entice more shoppers.
streaming video : noun [uncountable] technical
sound and video that are sent over the Internet in a continuous way
VERB 动词诱使;诱惑;怂恿To entice someone to go somewhere or to do something means to try to persuade them to go to that place or to do that thing.
eg. Retailers have tried almost everything to entice shoppers through their doors... 零售商们几乎尝试了所有办法以吸引购物者进入商店。
Child murderers in the past have very often carried photographs of young children to entice their victims away...
过去儿童谋杀犯常常携带一些小孩子的照片来诱拐他们的受害者。
They'll entice doctors to move from the cities by paying them better salaries.
他们将出更高的薪水吸引医生们走出城市。
12.virtuous circle ; whirl
A third virtuous circle is starting to whirl around Alexa, the firm’s voice-activated assistant.
N-SING 单数名词良性循环 If you describe a situation as a virtuous circle, you mean that once one good thing starts happening, other good things happen, which cause the first thing to continue happening.
eg. Exercise creates its own virtuous circle. Once you start a programme and do it regularly, you'll feel so good you'll want to continue.
锻炼身体能够形成一种良性循环。一旦你开始一项锻炼计划并持之以恒，你会感觉良好并坚持下去。
...a virtuous circle of investment and growth. 投资和增长的良性循环
V-ERG 及物/不及物动词(使)回旋;(使)旋转If something or someone whirls around or if you whirl them around, they move around or turn around very quickly.
【语法信息】：Also V n
e.g. Not receiving an answer, she whirled round...
没有得到答案，她飞快地转过身去。
He was whirling Anne around the floor...
他正拉着安妮在舞池内转圈儿。
The smoke began to whirl and grew into a monstrous column.
浓烟开始盘旋上升，形成了一个巨大的烟柱。
Whirl is also a noun.
eg. ...the barely audible whirl of wheels. 几乎听不见轮子的转动声
13.prophecy
So long as shareholders retain their faith in this model, Amazon’s heady valuation resembles a self-fulfilling prophecy.
N-VAR 可变名词预言A prophecy is a statement in which someone says they strongly believe that a particular thing will happen.
eg. The youth, too, fulfilled the prophecy.
那个年轻人，同样地，让预言说中了。
...Biblical prophecy. 《圣经》中的预言
14.debacle
its attempt to make a smartphone was a debacle.
N-COUNT 可数名词彻底的失败;惨败A debacle is an event or attempt that is a complete failure.
eg. After the debacle of the war the world was never the same again...
经历了这场战争的惨败之后，世界再也不是原来的那个样子了。
The convention was a debacle. 这次大会开得非常失败。
15.crank out
But the business is starting to crank out cash.
PHRASAL VERB 短语动词大量地快速制造;粗制滥造 If you say that a company or person cranks out a quantity of similar things, you mean they produce them quickly, in the same way, and are usually implying that the things are not original or are of poor quality.
【语用信息】：disapproval
【STYLE标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
eg. In 1933 the studio cranked out fifty-five feature films...
1993年，该电影公司粗制滥造出了55部故事片。
The writer must have cranked it out in his lunch-hour.
作者一定是在午饭时间把它赶出来的。
16.cashflow ；quadruple
Last year cashflow (before investment) was $16bn, more than quadruple the level five years ago.
cashflow：noun uncountable
the amount of money moving into and out of a business
•strong/improved cash flow
•Small traders often have short-term cash-flow problems.
PREDET 前置限定词是…的四倍；四倍于 If one amount is quadruple another amount, it is four times bigger.
【搭配模式】：PREDET det n
eg. They could sell their merchandise for quadruple the asking price.
他们能够以4倍于要价的价钱出售他们的商品。
17.sheer ；breadth
If Amazon’s approach to time-frames is unusual, so too is the sheer breadth of its activities.
ADJ 形容词(用于强调)纯粹的，完全的，十足的You can use sheer to emphasize that a state or situation is complete and does not involve or is not mixed with anything else.
【搭配模式】：ADJ n
【语用信息】：emphasis
eg. His music is sheer delight... 听他的音乐完全是一种享受。
Sheer chance quite often plays an important part in sparking off an idea.
灵感的激发通常纯粹是靠运气。
...acts of sheer desperation. 彻底绝望的行为
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词广度；广泛性The breadth of something is its quality of consisting of or involving many different things.
【搭配模式】：oft Nofn
eg. Older people have a tremendous breadth of experience...
年长者阅历相当丰富。
His breadth of knowledge filled me with admiration.
他学识渊博，令我非常钦佩。
18.wingspan ; reminiscent ；conglomerate ; bloat
A wingspan this large is more reminiscent of a conglomerate than a retailer, which makes Amazon’s share price seem even more bloated.
wingspan: noun countable (鸟、昆虫或飞机的)翼展，翼幅
the distance between the ends of the wings of a bird, insect or aircraft
eg. ...a glider with an 18-foot wingspan. 翼展18英尺的滑翔机
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词使人想起的;使人忆起的If you say that one thing is reminiscent ofanother, you mean that it reminds you of it.
【搭配模式】：v-link ADJofn
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
eg. The decor was reminiscent of a municipal arts-and-leisure centre...
这种布置让人想起都市里的艺术休闲中心。
She bowed her head in a gesture somehow reminiscent of royalty.
她低头的姿势让人想起皇室风范。
N-COUNT 可数名词大型联合企业;企业集团A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies.
【搭配模式】：oft adj N
【FIELD标签】：BUSINESS 商
eg. Fiat is Italy's largest industrial conglomerate.
菲亚特是意大利最大的产业集团。
bloat ： verb intransitive or transitive [bloats bloating bloated]
to swell up, or to make someone or something swollen
•If I eat it, my stomach bloats up.
19.freight ; hub
It is building a $1.5bn air-freight hub in Kentucky.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词(货运)货物Freight is goods that are transported by lorries, trains, ships, or aeroplanes.
eg. ...26 tons of freight... 26 吨货物
90% of managers wanted to see more freight carried by rail.
90%的经理希望看到更多的货物经由铁路来运输。
N-COUNT 可数名词航空枢纽;中心机场A hub or a hub airport is a large airport from which you can travel to many other airports.
eg. ...a campaign to secure Heathrow's place as Europe's main international hub.
旨在稳固希思罗机场作为欧洲主要航空枢纽地位的宣传活动
20.cash register ; drone deliveries
It is testing technology in stores to let consumers skip the cash register altogether, and experimenting with drone deliveries to the home.
N-COUNT 可数名词收银机;现金出纳机A cash register is a machine in a shop, pub, or restaurant that is used to add up and record how much money people pay, and in which the money is kept.
drone deliveries: 无人机
21.utility ; logistics
Some think that Amazon could become a new kind of utility: one that provides the infrastructure of commerce, from computing power to payments to logistics.
N-COUNT 可数名词公用事业 A utility is an important service such as water, electricity, or gas that is provided for everyone, and that everyone pays for.
eg. ...public utilities such as gas, electricity and phones.
煤气、电和电话等公用事业
N-UNCOUNT-COLL 不可数集合名词后勤；物流；组织工作 If you refer to the logistics of doing something complicated that involves a lot of people or equipment, you are referring to the skilful organization of it so that it can be done successfully and efficiently.
eg. The skills and logistics of getting such a big show on the road pose enormous practical problems...
搞如此大型的巡演，无论是技术上还是物流上都面临着巨大的实际问题。
Logistics is now more important in our industry than technology.
物流目前在我们这一行比技术还重要。
22.trigger ; antitrust
For now, Amazon is unlikely to trigger antitrust action.
VERB 动词引起;发动;促使 If something triggers an event or situation, it causes it to begin to happen or exist.
eg. ...the incident which triggered the outbreak of the First World War...
导致第一次世界大战爆发的事件
The current recession was triggered by a slump in consumer spending…
目前的经济衰退是由消费支出骤跌引起的。
Even a problem as simple as a bad back often has an underlying factor.
甚至像背疼这样的小问题都常常有潜在的诱发因素。
ADJ 形容词（指美国法律）反托拉斯的，反垄断的 In the United States,antitrust laws are intended to stop large firms taking over their competitors, fixing prices with their competitors, or interfering with free competition in any way.
【搭配模式】：ADJ n
eg. The jury found that the NFL had violated antitrust laws.
陪审团裁决全国橄榄球联盟触犯了反垄断法。
23.Seen through this lens ；pristine
Seen through this lens, Amazon appears pristine.
Seen through this lens：从这一角度来看
ADJ 形容词一尘不染的；崭新的 Pristine things are extremely clean or new.
此指质朴
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
eg. Now the house is in pristine condition.
现在，这所房子一尘不染。
...pristine white shirts. 崭新的白衬衫
24.boon
AWS is a boon to startups, too.
N-COUNT 可数名词给生活带来方便的事物You can describe something as aboonwhen it makes life better or easier for someone.
【搭配模式】：usu a N to/for n
eg. It is for this reason that television proves such a boon to so many people...
就是因为这个原因，电视才会给这么多人带来如此大的便利。
This battery booster is a boon for photographers.
这种电池充电器是摄影工作者的好帮手。
25.pose a problem
Even on standard antitrust grounds, that may pose a problem.
VERB 动词产生（问题）；造成（威胁、危险等）If something poses a problem or a danger, it is the cause of that problem or danger.
【语法信息】：V n
eg. This couldposea threat to jobs in the coal industry...
这可能会给煤炭产业的就业造成威胁。
His ill healthposes serious problems for the future.
他身体不好，对将来造成严重的隐患。
26.clout ; adjacent
In Europe, Google stands accused of using its clout as a search engine to extend its power to adjacent businesses.
N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词影响力;权势 A person or institution that has clout has influence and power.
【STYLE标签】：INFORMAL 非正式
eg. Mr Sutherland may have the clout needed to push the two trading giants into a deal...
萨瑟兰先生也许有能力促使两大贸易巨头达成协议。
The two firms wield enormouscloutin financial markets.
两家公司在金融市场有非常大的影响力。
adjacent : Geometry (of a pair of angles) formed on the same side of a straight line when intersected by another line. 此指扩展（业务经范围）
27.liability ; inflammatory ;
The comparative immunity from legal liability of digital platforms—for the posting of inflammatory content on Facebook, say, or the vetting of drivers on Uber—is being chipped away.
N-COUNT 可数名词负债；债务 A company's or organization's liabilities are the sums of money which it owes.
【搭配模式】：usu pl
【FIELD标签】：BUSINESS or LEGAL 商或法律
eg. The company had assets of $138 million and liabilities of $120.5 million.
这家公司资产为1.38亿美元，负债为1.205亿美元。
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词使人激愤的;煽动性的 If you accuse someone of saying or doing inflammatory things, you mean that what they say or do is likely to make people react very angrily.
【语用信息】：disapproval
eg. ...nationalist policies that are too drastic and inflammatory...
过于极端、带有极强煽动性的民族主义政策
She described his remarks as irresponsible,inflammatory and outrageous.
她称他的话不负责任、具煽动性且极端无礼。
VERB 动词检查;审查 If something is vetted, it is checked carefully to make sure that it is acceptable to people in authority.
【语法信息】：beV-ed
【语法信息】：V n
【语域标签】：mainly BRIT 主英
eg. He can find no trace of a rule requiring research to be vetted before publication...
他找不到任何要求研究成果在发表前需经审查的规定。
All objects are vetted by a distinguished panel of experts...
所有物品都交由一个著名的专家小组检查鉴定。
He had not been allowed to read any book until his mother had vetted it.
未经母亲的审查，他什么书也不能看。
vetting
eg. The government is to make major changes to the procedure for carrying out security vetting.
政府将对安全检查的执行程序作出重大调整。
chip away : to gradually make something weaker, smaller, or less effective
eg. The company’s dominance of the market is gradually being chipped away.
28. predatory
Amazon’s growth over profits; that makes predatory pricing more tempting.
ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词掠夺性的；弱肉强食的；损人利己的 Predatory people or organizations are eager to gain something out of someone else's weakness or suffering.
【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n
eg. People who run small businesses are frightened by the predatory behaviour of the banks.
小公司经营者被银行的掠夺行为吓坏了。
Day 2
思维导图
Day 3
总结反思
这几天来的学习计划有一些时间上的问题需要注意，尤其是第一天，查阅生词的时候越做越多，没有注意到时间上的把握，以后应该注意定个时间高效率完成任务，而不是无止境的越做越多，这一点很重要！有时候完成比完美更重要！
第二天的思维导图应注意方式方法，不断向导师的方向靠拢，注意一些细节的把控，可以先自己画一张，对比与导师的不同之处何在。
第三天的阅读材料我是作为泛读材料来理解的，作为背景知识的补充，拓宽知识面的同时，加强对语气语感的把握，进一步加快自己的阅读速度。
