4.17

(1)affiliate

v.使隶属于

n.附属机构，分公司

be affiliated to/with隶属于（be attach to）

eg.The high school my daughter studies in is affiliated with our university

(2)affirm

vt.肯定，断言

vi.断言

She affirmed that she was responsible.

（3）obsessive

a.着迷的，强迫性的，分神的

be obsessed with/by

obsessive  过分的，强迫的

eg.His son has an obsessive drive to gain his father's approval.

(4)perpetual

a.永恒的，永久的，一再往复的

eg.She's tired of their perpetual complaints.

（5）alternation

n.交互，轮流，隔一个

eg.We have an alternation system of duty.

(6)ruthless

a.残忍的，无情的

eg.He has a reputation for being violent and ruthless.

(7)glossary

n.词汇表

eg.There is a glossary at the end of the text book.

（8）shrubbery

n.灌木，灌木林

eg.A secluded mansion ，islanded by shrubbery and fences.

（9）fragrance

n.香味

Eg.The bath oil comes in various fragrance.

(10)ponder

vt/vi 沉思，考虑

eg.He pondered for me some minutes before giving some answers.