Android动画的基本使用
生化本来就不容易啊,而我们的不努力只会让生活变得更加无赖
这一个月发生的事有点多,有那么一段时间在缓冲。然后课程也开始比较密集,一天到晚不是去上课就是在去上课的路上。但是学习不能停,本来这些个笔记是在之前就应该整理的,但是一直到现在才有心思在学习《Android群英传》的基础上总结学习笔记。
今天的笔记是关于安卓的动画,这个稍微接触过安卓的朋友都不会陌生,Android的动画主要分为视图动画和属性动画,在3.0之前视图动画一家独大,在一开始基本可以满足我们的需求,但是为什么会出现属性动画呢?那肯定是试图动画越来越不满足实际开发的需要了,至于是什么?接下来会涉及。首先我们先来了解一下基本用法。
Android的视图动画
说到视图动画,得先认识Animation这个类,这个是什么意思呢?可以自行请教英语老师。但我们也还是需认识它的四个扩展类:
- AlphaAnmiation(透明度动画)
- RotateAnimation(旋转动画)
- TranslateAnimation(位移动画)
- ScaleAnimation(缩放动画)
这几个类的用法十分简单,可以在代码中直接使用或者在布局文件中定义使用(直接看用法)
- MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private Button btnAlpha ,btnRotate,btnTranslate,btnScale ,btnSet;
private AlphaAnimation a;
private RotateAnimation r ;
private TranslateAnimation t;
private ScaleAnimation scale;
private AnimationSet set ;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btnAlpha = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnAlpha);
btnRotate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnRotate);
btnTranslate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnTranslate);
btnScale = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnScale);
btnSet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSet);
btnAlpha.setOnClickListener(this);
btnRotate.setOnClickListener(this);
btnTranslate.setOnClickListener(this);
btnScale.setOnClickListener(this);
btnSet.setOnClickListener(this);
}
/**
* AlphaAnimation
* @param v
*/
private void btnAlpha(View v){
a = new AlphaAnimation(0,1);
a.setDuration(1000);
v.startAnimation(a);
}
/**
* RotateAnimation
* @param v
*/
private void btnRotate(View v){
//参数分别为旋转角度和旋转中心
r = new RotateAnimation(0,360,100,100);
r.setDuration(1000);
v.startAnimation(r);
}
/**
* TranslateAnimation
* @param v
*/
private void btnTranslate(View v){
t = new TranslateAnimation(0,200,0,200);
t.setDuration(1000);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Button onClick",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//动画结束后不归位
t.setFillAfter(true);
v.startAnimation(t);
//动画监听
t.setAnimationListener(new Animation.AnimationListener() {
@Override
public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) {
}
@Override
public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) {
}
@Override
public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) {
}
});
}
/**
* ScaleAnimation
* @param view
*/
private void btnScale(View view){
scale = new ScaleAnimation(0,2,0,2);
scale.setDuration(1000);
view.startAnimation(scale);
}
/**
* ScaleAnimation
* @param v
*/
private void btnSet(View v){
AnimationSet set = new AnimationSet(true);
set.setDuration(1000);
set.addAnimation(a);
set.addAnimation(r);
set.addAnimation(t);
set.addAnimation(scale);
v.startAnimation(set);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()){
case R.id.btnAlpha:
btnAlpha(view);
break;
case R.id.btnRotate:
btnRotate(view);
break;
case R.id.btnTranslate:
btnTranslate(view);
break;
case R.id.btnScale:
btnScale(view);
break;
case R.id.btnSet:
btnSet(view);
break;
}
}
}```
* 效果
![Animation](http:https://img.haomeiwen.com/i2605454/59620f609b79b8d2.gif?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip)
* 总结:相信大家都会从上面效果图看到视图动画到底有什么问题(请注意TRANSLATE),是的,这件诡异的事情说明视图动画**不具备交互性**是越来越满足不了用户,更别说什么良好的用户体验,所以大家也会明白为什么Google会再3.0推出属性动画了吧。那么接下来就愉快地学习属性动画的基本用法吧!
### Android的属性动画
学习视图动画就必须认识这两个类:
1. ObjectAnimator(儿子)
2. ValueAnimator (爸爸)
#####ObjectAnimator的基本用法
ObjectAnimatior和AnimatorSet的结合就可以一次满足所有基本需求
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private Button btnAlpha ,btnRotate,btnTranslate,btnScale ,btnSet;
private ObjectAnimator animator;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btnAlpha = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnAlpha);
btnRotate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnRotate);
btnTranslate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnTranslate);
btnScale = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnScale);
btnSet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSet);
btnAlpha.setOnClickListener(this);
btnRotate.setOnClickListener(this);
btnTranslate.setOnClickListener(this);
btnScale.setOnClickListener(this);
btnSet.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
int id = view.getId();
switch (id){
case R.id.btnAlpha:
btnAlpha(view);
break;
case R.id.btnRotate:
btnRotate(view);
break;
case R.id.btnTranslate:
btnTranslate(view);
break;
case R.id.btnScale:
btnScale(view);
break;
case R.id.btnSet:
btnSet(view);
break;
}
}
private void btnSet(View view) {
ObjectAnimator o1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"translationX",0,200);
ObjectAnimator o2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"rotation",0,360);
ObjectAnimator o3 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"scaleX",0,2);
AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
set.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator());//插值器
set.setDuration(1000);
// set.playSequentially(o1,o2,o3);//顺序
set.playTogether(o1,o2,o3);//一起执行
// set.play(o1).after(o2).with(o3);//制定顺序
set.start();
//监听事件
set.addListener(new Animator.AnimatorListener() {
@Override
public void onAnimationStart(Animator animator) {
}
@Override
public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animator) {
showToast();
}
@Override
public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animator) {
}
@Override
public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animator) {
}
});
//只关注一个时刻的监听
set.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
@Override
public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
super.onAnimationEnd(animation);
showToast();
}
});
}
private void btnScale(View view) {
animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"scaleX",0,2);
animator.setDuration(1000);
animator.start();
}
private void btnTranslate(View view) {
animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"translationX",0,200);
animator.setDuration(1000);
animator.start();
}
private void btnRotate(View view) {
animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"rotation",0,360);
animator.setDuration(1000);
animator.start();
}
private void btnAlpha(View view) {
animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"alpha",1,0);
animator.setDuration(1000);
animator.start();
}
}```
- 同时也可以通过PropertyValuesHolder来实现类似AnimatorSet的PlayTogether()的效果
PropertyValuesHolder p1 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("translationX",0,200);
PropertyValuesHolder p2 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("scaleX",0,2);
PropertyValuesHolder p3 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("scaleY",0,2);
PropertyValuesHolder p4 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("rotation",0,360);
ObjectAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder(view,p1,p2,p3,p4)
.setDuration(1000).start();```
* 属性说明
1. ```translationX和translationY```(坐标偏移)
2. ```rotation,rotationX和rotationY```(3D,2D旋转)
3. ```scaleX和scaleY```(2D缩放)
4. ```pivotX和pivotY```(支点,默认为view的中心点)
5. ```x和y```(最终位置)
6. ```alpha```(透明度,默认值1为不透)
* 效果
![ObjectAnimator](http:https://img.haomeiwen.com/i2605454/da4f4836a1c173df.gif?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip)
#####ValueAnimator的基本用法(数值发生器)
final Button b = (Button) view;
ValueAnimator v = ValueAnimator.ofInt(0, 100);
v.setDuration(5000);
v.setTarget(view);
v.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
@Override
public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator valueAnimator) {
Integer i = (Integer) valueAnimator.getAnimatedValue();
b.setText("" + i);
}
});
v.start();```
- 如上实现一个Button在5S内实现计时器。
常用拓展
经常会在app(如QQ音乐)的某些选择操作会有个底部弹窗给用户选择,所以趁着这次学习Android动画顺便学习了一下这个弹窗的做法。顺便还复习了一遭RecyclerView
的用法,之前也写过一篇关于RecyclerView
的笔记RecyclerView的基本用法(一)
代码如下:
- style.xml
<style name="PopupDialog" parent="android:Theme.Dialog">
<item name="android:windowContentOverlay">@null</item>
<item name="android:windowFrame">@null</item>
<item name="android:background">@android:color/transparent</item>
<item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
</style>```
关于style的这里有一篇博文,基本满足需求:[Style属性](http://blog.csdn.net/jflex/article/details/7854573)
2. enter_menu.xml(进入动画)
<objectAnimator
android:propertyName="translationY"
android:valueFrom="100"
android:valueTo="0"
android:duration="300">
</objectAnimator>```
- exit_menu.xml(退出动画)
android:duration="300"
android:propertyName="translationY"
android:valueFrom="0"
android:valueTo="100" />```
4. item_choice.xml
<LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
<TextView
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="15sp"
android:textColor="#888"
android:text="@string/app_name">
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>```
- PopupDialog.java
public class Popupdialog extends Dialog implements View.OnClickListener {
private Animator enterAnimator,exitAnimator;//进出动画
private View mContentView;
private RecyclerView recyclerView;
private boolean isClose;//dialog状态
private Button btnCancek;
private List<String> list;
private RecyclerAdapter adapter;
public Popupdialog(Context context) {
super(context,R.style.PopupDialog);//设置基本属性
getWindow().setGravity(Gravity.BOTTOM);//底部弹窗
initView(context);//初始View
initAnimator(context);//初始动画
}
public Popupdialog(Context context, int themeResId) {
super(context, themeResId);
}
public Popupdialog(Context context, boolean cancelable, OnCancelListener cancelListener) {
super(context, cancelable, cancelListener);
}
private void initView(final Context context) {
mContentView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(item,null);
btnCancek = (Button) mContentView.findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);
btnCancek.setOnClickListener(this);
recyclerView = (RecyclerView) mContentView.findViewById(R.id.popupRecycler);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(context,LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL,false));
ItemDecoration item = new ItemDecoration(context, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(item);
recyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());
list = new ArrayList<>();
adapter = new RecyclerAdapter(context,list);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
adapter.setListener(new RecyclerAdapter.onItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(View itemView, int adapterPosition) {
showToast(context,adapterPosition);
if (itemClickListener != null){
itemClickListener.itemClick(adapterPosition);
}
dismiss();
}
});
setContentView(mContentView);
}
public Popupdialog addItem(String str){
list.add(str);
return this;
}
@Override
public void show() {
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
super.show();
//适配屏幕大小,必须在show()方法后
Window window = getWindow();
WindowManager.LayoutParams wl = window.getAttributes();
wl.width = MainActivity.getMetrics().widthPixels;
window.setAttributes(wl);
//退出动画
exitAnimator.setTarget(mContentView);
enterAnimator.start();
}
@Override
public void dismiss() {
super.dismiss();
if (isClose){
return;
}
isClose = true;
//动画进入
exitAnimator.setTarget(mContentView);
exitAnimator.start();
}
public void disMissMe(){
super.dismiss();
isClose = false;
}
private void showToast(Context context, int adapterPosition) {
Toast.makeText(context,adapterPosition + "onClick",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
private void initAnimator(Context context) {
enterAnimator = AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(context,R.animator.menu_enter);
exitAnimator = AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(context,R.animator.menu_exit);
exitAnimator.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
@Override
public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
super.onAnimationEnd(animation);
disMissMe();
}
});
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
onBackPressed();
}
public interface ItemClickListener{
void itemClick(int adapterPosition);
}
private ItemClickListener itemClickListener;
public void setItemClickListener(ItemClickListener itemClickListener) {
this.itemClickListener = itemClickListener;
}
}
- 效果
总结
Android的动画基本如上,但是这些都是建立在巨人的肩膀上的,希望自己以后认真学习,争取尽快拥有满足市场要求的能力。另外,这个月的事的确影响到自己,希望自己认识到个中因由,警示自己,不断向前!
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