Baker’s refusal to make gay coup

Jack Phillips, owner of Masterpiece Cake, speaks to supporters after a rally on the campus of a Christian college in Colorado. PHOTO: AP

Washington | The US Supreme Court was set to hear arguments today in a major case on whether certain businesses can refuse service to gay couples if they oppose same-sex marriage on religious grounds, in a dispute involving a conservative Christian baker in Colorado who declined to make a wedding cake for two men.

The nine justices are due to hear an appeal brought by Jack Phillips, a baker who runs Masterpiece Cakeshop in the Denver suburb of Lakewood, of a state court ruling that his refusal violated a Colorado anti-discrimination law.

In one of the biggest cases of the conservative-majority court’s ninemonth term, the justices must decide whether the baker’s action was constitutionally protected, meaning he can avoid punishment under the Colorado law.

Phillips contends that law violated his rights to freedom of speech and free exercise of religion under the US Constitution’s First Amendment. The Supreme Court arguments will focus on his free speech claim, based on the idea that creating a custom cake is a form of free expression.

The couple, David Mullins and Charlie Craig, call the baker’s refusal a simple case of unlawful discrimination based on sexual orientation.

The Supreme Court legalised gay marriage in a landmark 2015 ruling written by Justice Anthony Kennedy, one of the court’s five conservatives. The 81-yearold Kennedy, who has joined the court’s four liberals in major decisions on issues such as abortion and gay rights, could cast the deciding vote. Kennedy also is a strong proponent of free speech rights.

The case highlights tensions between gay rights proponents and conservative Christians opposing same-sex marriage.

A ruling favouring Phillips could open thedoorforbusinessesthatoffercreative services to spurn gay couples by invoking religious beliefs, as some wedding photographers, florists and others already have done. Conservatives have filed other lawsuits also seeking to limit thereachofthe2015gaymarriageruling.

The legal fight broke out in 2012 when Phillips told Mullins and Craig that due to his Christian beliefs he would not be able to make a cake to celebrate their wedding.

The two men married in Massachusetts but wanted to celebrate their nuptials with friends in Colorado. At the time, Colorado allowed civil unions but not marriage between same-sex couples.

The couple turned to the American Civil Liberties Union, which filed a complaint on their behalf, saying Phillips had violated Colorado state law barring businesses from refusing service based on race, sex, marital status or sexual orientation.

The Colorado Civil Rights Commission found that Phillips had violated the law and ordered him to take remedial measures including staff training and the filing of quarterly compliance reports. In August 2015, the Colorado Court of Appeals also ruled against Phillips.

The Colorado Supreme Court refused to hear the case, prompting Phillips to appeals to the US Supreme Court.

The ACLU said Phillips’ legal team at the conservative Christian group Alliance Defending Freedom is advocating for a ‘‘licence to discriminate’’ that could have repercussions beyond gay rights.

‘‘I can’t emphasise enough how far sweeping the argument is both in terms of what it is saying about the Constitution and who will be affected,’’ ACLU lawyerLouiseMellingsaid. REUTERS