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关于介词,你想知道的都在这里啦

2019-01-28  本文已影响7人  大雨时行

介词经常用在名词或名词短语、代词或动名词之前,用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。如:I gave the book to Jenny.(介词+名词)

I gave the book to her.(介词+代词)

Jack devotes his time to reading.(介词+动名词)

介词经常表示的关系如下:We ran across the field.(空间)

The plane landed at 6:00 p.m. precisely.(时间)

Travel is cheap for us because of the strength of the dollar.(原因)

You unlock the door by turning the key to the right.(方式、方法)

1 介词的形式

常见的介词形式有两种,分别是:①单个词,如:at,from,in,to,into等。There's someone at the door.

②两个或两个以上的介词短语,如:according to,apart from,because of等。There are a lot of trees in front of the school.

介词后面的名词没有“格”的变化,如:The bus stopped in front of the woman.

I threw the bottle into the sea.

但是要注意,用在介词后面的代词应该用宾格,如:The bus stopped in front of her.

She was very angry with me.

2 可兼作介词和连词的词

有些词既可以作介词(后跟宾语),也可作连词(后跟从句),如:as,after,till,since,before,until等等。I haven't seen her since this morning.(since为介词)

I haven't seen her since she left this morning.(since为连词,引导从句)

Please come to me after 4 o'clock.(after为介词)

We went to the beach directly after we got up.(after为连词)

3 表示动态或静态的介词

有些介词如:into,onto,out of 等,一般都与表示动作的动词连用,表示动态概念。如:A bird flew into my bedroom this morning.

I drove out of the car park.

还有一些介词如near,above,behind,across,along,beside,between等,与某些表示静态概念的东西连用时,表示静态;而与表示动态概念的动词连用时,表示动态。如:

A beautiful lady was sitting behind me.(静态)

I waited in the hotel lobby.(静态)

She hurried across the street.(动态)

4 表示时间的介词和介词短语

(1)介词at,in,on不仅表示地点,也表示时间。如:Many tourists come here in autumn.They usually come in July and in August.

还可以用approximately,about,around,round,round about等词与介词连用来描述近似的时间概念,如:The accident happened at approximately 6:00 a.m.

(2)以下表格中是适用at的情况。

关于介词,你想知道的都在这里啦

(3)用on的时间短语

on一般用于表示一整天的时间概念,如on Monday、on Saturday、on July 13th、on that day等。

在一段时间前面有定语修饰的时候,一般也用on。如:on Monday morning、on that evening/night、on a snowy day、on my birthday morning等。

有些节日前也用on,如:on Christmas Day、on New Year's Day等。

(4)用in的时间短语

一般表示时间段,长短皆可。下表为适用in的情况举例。

关于介词,你想知道的都在这里啦

5 动词+介词/副词小品词

由“动词+介词/副词小品词”构成的短语动词非常普遍,而且短语动词的用法也特别合乎英语的行文习惯。在使用短语动词的时候应注意以下几点:

(1)“动词+介词/副词小品词”的五种类型:

关于介词,你想知道的都在这里啦

(2)在由“动词+副词小品词”构成的短语动词中,副词小品词的位置是很灵活的。其宾语是名词时,副词可以放在名词的前面或后面;当宾语为代词时,副词只能放在代词之后;但如果宾语较长时,则要避免把小品词与动词分开,如:

I turned off all the lights which had been left on.

This dog is too noisy.Take it out,please.

及物的动词短语可以用于被动式,如:(3)大部分“动词+副词小品词”形式的动词短语中,小品词与动词本身的意义是有一定联系的,或有一定的参照性,如:take off,pick up,take away,come out等。

但有些小品词与动词搭配时,动词本身已经没有什么实际意义,同一个动词在搭配了不同的小品词之后,意思相去甚远。如:

All the lights in the house have been turned off.(被关掉)

bring up the children(养育孩子)

bring on heart disease(引起心脏病)

bring something round(使某人苏醒)

(4)在英语中有些动词是不及物的,当它们需要带宾语时必须通过后面跟介词的方式,如:listen to、ask for、look for、wait for等。

You shouldn't listen to the music at class.

I'm waiting for my mother.

(5)一些不及物动词与小品词搭配之后,形成的仍然是不及物的短语动词,如:She went out.

They set off very early.

(6)动词+介词/副词小品词+宾语(后接名词或动名词,而不接不定式),如:think of(想到)、insist on(坚持)、dream of(梦想)、succeed in(成功)等。

The little girl dreams of being a doctor.

My father insisted on doing the housework.

I succeeded in winning the game.

(7)使用“动词+介词to”形式的动词短语时,to 后面不能跟不定式,而必须跟名词或动名词,如:I look forward to seeing you soon.

此类动词短语还有:get down to(开始着手做)、be used to(习惯于)、object to(反对)、devote oneself to(致力于)、be accustomed to(习惯于)、stick to(坚持)、resign  oneself to(听任,顺从)、resort to(诉诸)、face up to(勇敢地面对)等。

(8)be used to后跟不定式和动名词时,所表达的意思不一样,如:Wood can be used to make papers.(表示被用于做……)

I'm used to getting up early in the morning.(表示习惯做……)

好啦,有关介词的语法知识,就说到这里了。欢迎感兴趣的朋友一起来交流。

关于介词,你想知道的都在这里啦
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