Java中方法参数使用情况

2020-05-14  本文已影响0人  笨笨牛皮糖

Java程序设计语言总是采用按值调用。也就是说,方法得到的是所有参数值的一个拷贝,特别是,方法不能修改传递给它的任何参数变量的内容

Java中方法参数使用情况总结:

  1. 首先试图将一个值参数的值提高两倍,但没有成功:
Testing tripleValue:
Before: percent=10.0
End of method: x=30.0
After: percent=10.0
  1. 随后,成功地将一个雇员的薪金提高了两倍:
Testing tripleSalary:
Before: salary=50000.0
End of method: salary=150000.0
After: salary=150000.0

方法结束之后,harry引用的对象状态发生了改变。这是因为这个方法可以通过对象引用的拷贝修改所引用的对象状态

  1. 最后,程序演示了swap方法的失败效果:
Testing swap:
Before: a=Alic
Before: b=Bob
End of method: x=Bob
End of method: y=Alic
After: a=Alic
After: b=Bob

可以看出,参数变量x和y交换了,但是a和b没有受到影响。

完整代码如下:

/**
 * This program demonstrates parameter passing in Java.
 * @version 1.00 2000-01-27
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ParamTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /*
         * Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters
         */
        System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");
        double percent = 10;
        System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent);
        tripleValue(percent);
        System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent);

        /*
         * Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters
         */
        System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
        Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
        System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
        tripleSalary(harry);
        System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary());

        /*
         * Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters
         */
        System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
        Employee a = new Employee("Alic", 70000);
        Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000);
        System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName());
        System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName());
        swap(a, b);
        System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName());
        System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName());

    }

    public static void tripleValue(double x) { // doesn't work
        x = 3 * x;
        System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x);
    }

    public static void tripleSalary(Employee x) { // works
        x.raiseSalary(200);
        System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary());
    }

    public static void swap(Employee x, Employee y) {
        Employee temp = x;
        x = y;
        y = temp;
        System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName());
        System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName());
    }
}

class Employee {

    private String name;
    private double salary;

    public Employee(String n, double s) {
        name = n;
        salary = s;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
        double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
        salary += raise;
    }
}

引用自《Java核心技术 卷I》

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