linux习题

1.文件操作

echo "演示与文件和文件夹创建处理等相关命令"

echo "查看文件目录"

echo "命令：ls -l"

echo "\n`ls -l`"

echo "========================================="

read

echo ">>>>>>>>>创建backup/old目录<<<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：mkdir -p /home/q/test/backup/old"

echo `mkdir -p /home/q/test/backup/old`

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echo ">>>>>>>>>进入到backup/old目录<<<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：cd /home/q/test/backup/old"

echo `cd /home/q/test/backup/old`

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echo ">>>>>>>>>创建两个file文件<<<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：touch touchfile.txt touchfile2.txt"

echo `touch touchfile.txt touchfile2.txt`

read

echo ">>>>>>>>>>拷贝gc_logrotate文件内容到touchfile文件<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：cat /home/q/test/shelldemo/gc_logrotate.sh>touchfile.txt"

echo "`cat /home/q/test/shelldemo/gc_logrotate.sh>touchfile.txt`"

read

echo ">>>>>>>查看touchfile文件，看内容是否正确<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：cat touchfile.txt"

echo "`cat touchfile.txt`"

read

echo ">>>>>>>>>>>拷贝touchfile文件到touchfile2文件中<<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：cp -r touchfile.txt touchfile2.txt"

echo "`cp -r touchfile.txt touchfile2.txt`"

read

echo ">>>>>>>>>查看touchfile2文件，看内容是否正确<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：cat touchfile2.txt"

echo "`cat touchfile2.txt`"

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echo ">>移动touchfile2文件，使其覆盖touchfile，看touchfile内容是否正确<<<"

echo "命令：mv touchfile2.txt touchfile.txt"

echo "`mv touchfile2.txt touchfile.txt`"

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echo "命令：cat touchfile.txt"

echo "`cat touchfile.txt`"

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echo ">>>>>>>查看touchfile文件的前五行<<<<<<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：head -5 touchfile.txt"

echo "`head -5 touchfile.txt`"

read

echo ">>>>>>>查看touchfile文件的后五行<<<<<<<<<<<"

echo "命令：tail -5 touchfile.txt"

echo "`tail -5 touchfile.txt`"

read

echo ">>>>>>>>删除touchfile文件<<<<<<"

echo "命令：rm -f touchfile.txt"

echo "`rm -f /home/q/test/backup/old/touchfile.txt`"

2.实战习题1

echo "需求：Tomcat服务中的catalina日志中，有很多exception，想查看一下内容，并且根据上下定位问题，如何操作？"

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echo "命令:cat catalina.out | grep --color=always -i -ab5 "exception" | more"

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echo |cat catalina.out | grep --color=always -i -ab5 "exception"| more

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echo "说明：--color是高亮显示关键字 always是用于more命令执行后还可以高亮，-i是忽略大小写，-ab是查看关键字所在行前后各五行上下文，more是分页显示，按"空格"键翻页"

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echo "需求：统计access所有404 条数"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==404) print \$9}' | wc -l | awk '{print "Total suceess item :"\$1}' "

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echo |cat access.log | awk '{if ($9>0&&$9==404) print $9}' | wc -l | awk '{print "Total suceess item :"$1}'

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echo "需求：首先查看下access日志长什么样子,查看前10行:"

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echo "命令：cat access.log|head -10"

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echo |cat access.log|head -10

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echo "需求：以\t作为分隔符，获取第9列的内容，并且取出第九列为404的内容,查看10行"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==404) print \$9}’|tail -10"

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echo |cat access.log | awk '{if ($9>0&&$9==404) print $9}'

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echo "需求:统计包含404的所有行数"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==404) print \$9}' | wc -l"

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echo|cat access.log | awk '{if ($9>0&&$9==404) print $9}' | wc -l

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echo "需求:打印出最终的结果"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==404) print \$9}' | wc -l | awk '{print "Total suceess item :"\$1}'"

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echo|cat access.log | awk '{if ($9>0&&$9==404) print $9}' | wc -l | awk '{print "Total suceess item :"$1}'

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echo "需求：统计所有200条目中重复最多的前十条,并且打印出重复次数"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==200) print \$7}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1nr | head -10 "

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echo |cat access.log | awk '{if ($9>0&&$9==200) print $7}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1nr | head -10

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echo "需求：首先查看下access日志第七列长什么样子,查看前10行:"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==200) print \$7}' |head -10"

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echo |cat access.log |awk '{if($9>0&&$9==200) print $7}' |head -10

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echo "需求：查看下sort之后的样子，获取前10行"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if(\$9>0&&\$9==200)print \$7}' |sort|head -10"

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echo |cat access.log |awk '{if($9>0&&$9==200) print $7}' |sort|head -10

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echo "需求：统计一下重复的条数有哪些，在第一列打印出重复的行数，获取前10行"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==200) print \$7}' |sort|uniq -c |head -10"

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echo |cat access.log |awk '{if($9>0&&$9==200) print $7}' |sort|uniq -c|head -10

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echo "需求：排序统计结果，把重复最多的按照倒叙排列展示出来，获取前10行"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==200) print \$7}' |sort|uniq -c| sort -k1nr |head -10"

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echo |cat access.log | awk '{if ($9>0&&$9==200) print $7}' |sort|uniq -c| sort -k1nr |head -10

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echo "说明：sort是排序命令，其中：-k指明使用哪一列进行排序，-k1：表示使用第一列进行排序,n指明排序列为数字,r代表使用倒叙"

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echo "需求：在上述结果中，只保留自己想要的sessionid的相关内容"

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echo "命令：cat access.log | awk '{if (\$9>0&&\$9==200) print \$7}' | grep '/appback/api/auth/login' | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1nr | head -10 | sed 's/\/appback.*?//'"

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echo |cat access.log | awk '{if ($9>0&&$9==200) print $7}' | grep '/appback/api/auth/login' | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1nr | head -10 | sed 's/\/appback.*?//'

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echo "说明：sed是替换命令/原始值/被替换值/，本实例中使用正则表达式(/appback\.*?)匹配/appback到?之间的所有数据，并替换为null,sed是替换命令's/被替换值/替换该值/'"

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echo "需求：查找/home/q/test下面大于50M的文件，并打印出文件路径信息"

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echo "命令：find /home/q/test/ -type f -size +50M -exec ls {} \;"

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echo |find /home/q/test/ -type f -size +50M -exec ls -lh {} \;

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echo "说明：find是文件或者目录查找命令，第一个参数表示查找的目录，-type代表查找的类型，f表示文件类型，-size表示文件大小 -exec表示查找完成后执行的命令"

read

3.实战习题2

echo "需求：查看6379端口的tcp连接，并且只看状态是 ： ESTABLISHED，并排序"

read

echo "命令：netstat -ant | grep ":6379" | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '{printf "%s %s\n",\$5,\$6}'|sort"

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echo |netstat -ant | grep ":6379" | grep "ESTABLISHED" | awk '{printf "%s %s\n",$5,$6}'|sort

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echo "说明：netstat -ant是查看当前服务器上所有的tcp连接"

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echo "需求：先看一下所有的tcp连接情况"

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echo "命令：netstat -ant | more"

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echo |netstat -ant | more

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echo "需求：查看端口号是6379的连接，并且查看状态是ESTABLISHED"

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echo "命令：netstat -ant |  grep ":6379" | grep "ESTABLISHED""

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echo |netstat -ant |  grep ":6379" | grep "ESTABLISHED"

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echo "需求：打印第五、第六列，并排序"

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echo "命令：netstat -ant | grep \":6379\" | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '{printf \"%s %s\n\",\$5,\$6}'|sort"

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echo |netstat -ant | grep ":6379" | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '{printf "%s %s\n",$5,$6}'|sort

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echo "需求：查看本服务器IP地址"

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echo "命令：ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | cut -d: -f2|awk '{print $1}'"

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echo |ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | cut -d: -f2|awk '{print $1}'

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echo "需求：查看本服务器网络配置状况"

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echo "命令：ifconfig"

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echo | ifconfig

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echo "需求：查获取包含IP地址行信息"

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echo "命令：ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:'  "

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echo |ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:'

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echo "需求：去掉本机虚拟地址干扰项"

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echo "命令：ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' "

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echo |ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:' | grep -v '127.0.0.1'

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echo "需求：截取出IP地址"

echo "命令：ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | cut -d: -f2|awk '{print $1}'"

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echo |ifconfig | grep 'inet addr:' | grep -v '127.0.0.1' | cut -d: -f2|awk '{print $1}'

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echo "需求：查看本服务器相关负载、cpu、内存以及交换分区信息"

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echo "命令：top -ab -n 1 | head -5 "

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echo |top -ab -n 1 | head -5

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echo "说明：在这个top -ab -n 1 命令中，a表示按内存倒序排列，b表示将所有列输出，n表示只执行一次"

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echo "需求：查看本机java进程相关信息"

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echo "命令：top -ab -n 1|grep java "

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echo | top -ab -n 1|grep java

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echo "需求：从网上下载maven的压缩包"

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echo "命令：curl -O http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.3.9/binaries/apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz"

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echo |cd /home/q/test/backup

echo |rm -rf apache-maven-3.3.9*

echo |rm -rf testmaven.jar

echo |curl -O http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.3.9/binaries/apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz

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echo "需求：在当前目录解压apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz"

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echo "命令：tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz "

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echo | tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.3.9-bin.tar.gz

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echo "说明：tar是压缩/解压命令，z : 表示 tar 包是被 gzip 压缩过的，x : 从 tar 包中把文件提取出来，v : 显示详细信息，f x 指定被处理的文件"

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echo "需求：在当前目录压缩apache-maven-3.3.9成testmaven.jar"

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echo "命令：tar -zcvf testmaven.jar apache-maven-3.3.9"

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echo | tar -zcvf testmaven.jar apache-maven-3.3.9

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echo "说明：tar是压缩/解压命令，z : 表示 tar 包是被 gzip 压缩过的， 创建新的档案文件，v : 显示详细信息，f x 指定被处理的文件"

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echo "需求：查看backup下刚才相关操作的信息"

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echo "命令 ： ls -l /home/q/test/backup"

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echo | ls -l /home/q/test/backup

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4.实战习题3

echo "判断cpu的类型"

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echo "执行命令 ：grep "vendor_id" /proc/cpuinfo | uniq | cut -d: -f2"

Vendor=`grep "vendor_id" /proc/cpuinfo | uniq | cut -d: -f2`

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echo "VenderCpu is : $Vendor"

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echo "执行if条件测试，匹配到相应的类型，并打印结果"

if [[ $Vendor =~ [[:space:]]*GenuineIntel$ ]]; then

echo "intel"

elif [[ $Vendor =~ [[:space:]]*AuthenticAMD$ ]]; then

echo "AMD"

else

echo "Unknown"

fi

read

#判断磁盘使用空间并报警

echo "判断磁盘使用空间并报警"

read

echo "执行命令 ：df |sed 1d | awk '{print $1,$5}'|tr -d %"

read

disks=(`df |sed 1d | awk '{print $1,$5}'|tr -d %`)

echo "打印disk信息，循环判断打印超过20%使用率的磁盘"

read

len=${#disks[@]}

for ((i=1;i<=$len;i=i+2));do

if [ ${disks[i]} -gt 20 ];then

echo "${disks[$i-1]} ${disks[$i]}"

fi

done