拦截过滤器模式

2020-04-06 本文已影响0人 Java面试指南

拦截过滤器模式

拦截过滤器模式（Intercepting Filter Pattern）用于对应用程序的请求或响应做一些预处理/后处理。定义过滤器，并在把请求传给实际目标应用程序之前应用在请求上。过滤器可以做认证/授权/记录日志，或者跟踪请求，然后把请求传给相应的处理程序。以下是这种设计模式的实体。

过滤器（Filter） - 过滤器在请求处理程序执行请求之前或之后，执行某些任务。
过滤器链（Filter Chain） - 过滤器链带有多个过滤器，并在 Target 上按照定义的顺序执行这些过滤器。
Target - Target 对象是请求处理程序。
过滤管理器（Filter Manager） - 过滤管理器管理过滤器和过滤器链。
客户端（Client） - Client 是向 Target 对象发送请求的对象。

实现

我们将创建 FilterChain、FilterManager、Target、Client 作为表示实体的各种对象。AuthenticationFilter 和 DebugFilter 表示实体过滤器。

InterceptingFilterDemo，我们的演示类使用 Client 来演示拦截过滤器设计模式。

拦截过滤器模式的 UML 图

步骤 1

创建过滤器接口 Filter。

Filter.java

<pre class="prettyprint" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 10px 5px; position: relative; width: auto; max-width: 700px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.7; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", Courier, monospace; overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public interface Filter {
public void execute(String request);
}
</pre>

步骤 2

创建实体过滤器。

AuthenticationFilter.java

<pre class="prettyprint" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 10px 5px; position: relative; width: auto; max-width: 700px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.7; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", Courier, monospace; overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public class AuthenticationFilter implements Filter {
public void execute(String request){
System.out.println("Authenticating request: " + request);
}
}
</pre>

DebugFilter.java

<pre class="prettyprint" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 10px 5px; position: relative; width: auto; max-width: 700px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.7; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", Courier, monospace; overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public class DebugFilter implements Filter {
public void execute(String request){
System.out.println("request log: " + request);
}
}
</pre>

步骤 3

创建 Target。

Target.java

<pre class="prettyprint" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 10px 5px; position: relative; width: auto; max-width: 700px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.7; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", Courier, monospace; overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public class Target {
public void execute(String request){
System.out.println("Executing request: " + request);
}
}
</pre>

步骤 4

创建过滤器链。

FilterChain.java

public class FilterChain {
private List filters = new ArrayList();
private Target target;

public void addFilter(Filter filter){
filters.add(filter);
}

public void execute(String request){
for (Filter filter : filters) {
filter.execute(request);
}
target.execute(request);
}

public void setTarget(Target target){
this.target = target;
}
}
</pre>

步骤 5

创建过滤管理器。

FilterManager.java

public FilterManager(Target target){
filterChain = new FilterChain();
filterChain.setTarget(target);
}
public void setFilter(Filter filter){
filterChain.addFilter(filter);
}

public void filterRequest(String request){
filterChain.execute(request);
}
}
</pre>

步骤 6

创建客户端 Client。

Client.java

public void setFilterManager(FilterManager filterManager){
this.filterManager = filterManager;
}

public void sendRequest(String request){
filterManager.filterRequest(request);
}
}
</pre>

步骤 7

使用 Client 来演示拦截过滤器设计模式。

InterceptingFilterDemo.java

<pre class="prettyprint" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 10px 5px; position: relative; width: auto; max-width: 700px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.7; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", Courier, monospace; overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public class InterceptingFilterDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FilterManager filterManager = new FilterManager(new Target());
filterManager.setFilter(new AuthenticationFilter());
filterManager.setFilter(new DebugFilter());

  Client client = new Client();
  client.setFilterManager(filterManager);
  client.sendRequest("HOME");

}
}
</pre>

步骤 8

验证输出。

<pre class="result" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 10px 5px; position: relative; width: auto; max-width: 700px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.7; background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border-radius: 3px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", Courier, monospace; overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Authenticating request: HOME
request log: HOME
Executing request: HOME</pre>

拦截过滤器模式