Android 权限管理（原生、EasyPermissions、
2018-01-25 本文已影响5001人
Kandy_JS
前言：动态权限管理是Android6.0（Build.VERSION_CODES.M = Api23）推出的，提醒用户当前APP所需要的权限，防止滥用。这些权限一般分为三种：（1）普通权限：直接manifest清单文件中写上注册就行了 （2）危险权限：需要动态申请 （3）特殊权限：此处暂不说明。
注意：这里我们就按照原生，和git上比较出名的第三方权限管理工具，EasyPermissions和RxPermissions
一、参考
1、android6.0权限管理工具EasyPermissionUtil
2、Android M 新的运行时权限开发者需要知道的一切
3、EasyPermissions Git Url
4、RxPermissions Git Url
二、异常
异常：java.lang.SecurityException: getDeviceId: Neither user 10127 nor current process has android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE.
解释：走到方法getDeviceId这里异常，缺失权限：READ_PHONE_STATE，先检查manifest.xml清单文件里有没有，没有补上，如果有，那么这个权限就得动态获取了。
三、流程
1、第一次询问权限 -》允许权限（再次询问同样权限也不会弹框，已注册）
2、第一次询问权限-》拒绝权限-》再次询问权限-》允许权限（再次询问同样权限也不会弹框，已注册）
3、第一次询问权限-》拒绝权限-》再次询问权限-》不再询问（再次询问同样权限也不会有弹框，直接拒绝）
--------------------几张图片说明--------------------
first_request.png
not_first_request.png
not_first_request_and_not_ask_again.png
四、实例
1、原生，比较长且繁琐，先理解下
/**
* 测试：原生动态权限管理
* */
private void testOrgPermission(){
//判断当前系统是否高于或等于6.0
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//已注册权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(instance, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//todo something
LogUtil.i("testOrgPermission() : this camera permission is granted");
}
//未注册权限，申请权限
else {
// v4向下兼容：询问权限（这里可以一个，也可以多个）
// 拒绝权限后再次询问
LogUtil.i("testOrgPermission() : this camera premission is denied , " +
"ready to request this permission");
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(instance,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},
REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE);
}
}
//当前系统小于6.0，无需动态申请权限
else {
//todo something
}
}
/**
* 询问权限的回调函数
* */
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode){
case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE:
int cameraResult = grantResults[0];//相机权限
boolean cameraGranted = cameraResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;//拍照权限
//注册权限
if (cameraGranted) {
LogUtil.i("onRequestPermissionsResult() : "+permissions[0]+
" request granted , to do something...");
//todo something
}
//拒绝注册权限
else {
//无权限，且被选择"不再提醒"：提醒客户到APP应用设置中打开权限
if(!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(instance,Manifest.permission.CAMERA)){
LogUtil.e("onRequestPermissionsResult() : this "+permissions[0]+" is denied " +
"and never ask again");
ToastUtil.showShort(instance,"拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");
//todo nothing
}
//无权限，只是单纯被拒绝
else{
LogUtil.e("onRequestPermissionsResult() : "+permissions[0]+"request denied");
ToastUtil.showShort(instance,"拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");
//todo request permission again
}
}
break;
default:break;
}
}
2、EasyPermissions：挺简洁的
//build中依赖easypermissions
dependencies {
implementation 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:1.1.2'
}
#notice:这里要实现回调接口 Activity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks
/**
* 测试：EasyPermission
* https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions
* */
private void testEasyPermission(){
String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA};
if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {
//todo something
LogUtil.i("testEasyPermission() : this camera permission is granted");
} else {
LogUtil.i("testEasyPermission() : this camera premission is denied , " +
"ready to request this permission");
EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, "你TM开相机权限啊！！",
REQUEST_PERMISSION_CAMERA_CODE, perms);
}
//自定义询问框内容部分，可试试看
// EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(
// new PermissionRequest.Builder(this, RC_CAMERA_AND_LOCATION, perms)
// .setRationale(R.string.camera_and_location_rationale)
// .setPositiveButtonText(R.string.rationale_ask_ok)
// .setNegativeButtonText(R.string.rationale_ask_cancel)
// .setTheme(R.style.my_fancy_style)
// .build());
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
// Forward results to EasyPermissions
EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
}
@Override
public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, @NonNull List<String> perms) {
//省略switch requestCode
LogUtil.i("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsGranted() : "+perms.get(0)+
" request granted , to do something...");
//todo somthing
}
@Override
public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, @NonNull List<String> perms) {
//省略switch requestCode
//无权限，且被选择"不再提醒"：提醒客户到APP应用设置中打开权限
if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(instance, Manifest.permission.CAMERA)) {
LogUtil.e("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : this " + perms.get(0) + " is denied " +
"and never ask again");
ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");
//todo nothing
}
//无权限，只是单纯被拒绝
else {
LogUtil.e("EasyPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : " + perms.get(0) + "request denied");
ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");
//todo request permission again
}
}
3、RxPermissions：个人觉得更简洁，最好在activity的onCreate()中使用哦
//build中依赖rxjava,rxandroid和rxpermissions
dependencies {
compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'
compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1'
compile 'com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions2:rxpermissions:0.9.5@aar'
}
/**
* 测试：RxPermission
* https://github.com/tbruyelle/RxPermissions
* */
private void testRxPermission(){
RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this); // where this is an Activity instance
rxPermissions
.requestEach(
Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
.subscribe(new Consumer<Permission>() {
@Override
public void accept(Permission permission) throws Exception {
if (permission.granted) {
LogUtil.i("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsGranted() : "+permission.name+
" request granted , to do something...");
//todo somthing
}
else if (permission.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale) {
LogUtil.e("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : " + permission.name + "request denied");
ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，等待下次询问哦");
//todo request permission again
}
else {
LogUtil.e("testRxPermission CallBack onPermissionsDenied() : this " + permission.name + " is denied " +
"and never ask again");
ToastUtil.showShort(instance, "拒绝权限，不再弹出询问框，请前往APP应用设置中打开此权限");
//todo nothing
}
}
});
}
其他自定义弹出框UI，多个权限询问等
