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笨办法学C 练习45:一个简单的TCP/IP客户端

2016-06-22  本文已影响164人  布客飞龙

练习45:一个简单的TCP/IP客户端

原文:Exercise 45: A Simple TCP/IP Client

译者:飞龙

我打算使用RingBuffer来创建一个非常简单的小型网络测试工具,叫做netclient。为此我需要向Makefile添加一些工具,来处理bin/目录下的小程序。

扩展Makefile

首先,为程序添加一些变量,就像单元测试的TESTSTEST_SRC变量:

PROGRAMS_SRC=$(wildcard bin/*.c)
PROGRAMS=$(patsubst %.c,%,$(PROGRAMS_SRC))

之后你可能想要添加PROGRAMS到所有目标中:

all: $(TARGET) $(SO_TARGET) tests $(PROGRAMS)

之后在clean目标中向rm那一行添加PROGRAMS

rm -rf build $(OBJECTS) $(TESTS) $(PROGRAMS)

最后你还需要在最后添加一个目标来构建它们:

$(PROGRAMS): CFLAGS += $(TARGET)

做了这些修改你就能够将.c文件扔到bin中,并且编译它们以及为其链接库文件,就像测试那样。

netclient 代码

netclient的代码是这样的:

#undef NDEBUG
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <lcthw/ringbuffer.h>
#include <lcthw/dbg.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

struct tagbstring NL = bsStatic("\n");
struct tagbstring CRLF = bsStatic("\r\n");

int nonblock(int fd) {
    int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
    check(flags >= 0, "Invalid flags on nonblock.");

    int rc = fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
    check(rc == 0, "Can't set nonblocking.");

    return 0;
error:
    return -1;
}

int client_connect(char *host, char *port)
{
    int rc = 0;
    struct addrinfo *addr = NULL;

    rc = getaddrinfo(host, port, NULL, &addr);
    check(rc == 0, "Failed to lookup %s:%s", host, port);

    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    check(sock >= 0, "Cannot create a socket.");

    rc = connect(sock, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen);
    check(rc == 0, "Connect failed.");

    rc = nonblock(sock);
    check(rc == 0, "Can't set nonblocking.");

    freeaddrinfo(addr);
    return sock;

error:
    freeaddrinfo(addr);
    return -1;
}

int read_some(RingBuffer *buffer, int fd, int is_socket)
{
    int rc = 0;

    if(RingBuffer_available_data(buffer) == 0) {
        buffer->start = buffer->end = 0;
    }

    if(is_socket) {
        rc = recv(fd, RingBuffer_starts_at(buffer), RingBuffer_available_space(buffer), 0);
    } else {
        rc = read(fd, RingBuffer_starts_at(buffer), RingBuffer_available_space(buffer));
    }

    check(rc >= 0, "Failed to read from fd: %d", fd);

    RingBuffer_commit_write(buffer, rc);

    return rc;

error:
    return -1;
}


int write_some(RingBuffer *buffer, int fd, int is_socket)
{
    int rc = 0;
    bstring data = RingBuffer_get_all(buffer);

    check(data != NULL, "Failed to get from the buffer.");
    check(bfindreplace(data, &NL, &CRLF, 0) == BSTR_OK, "Failed to replace NL.");

    if(is_socket) {
        rc = send(fd, bdata(data), blength(data), 0);
    } else {
        rc = write(fd, bdata(data), blength(data));
    }

    check(rc == blength(data), "Failed to write everything to fd: %d.", fd);
    bdestroy(data);

    return rc;

error:
    return -1;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    fd_set allreads;
    fd_set readmask;

    int socket = 0;
    int rc = 0;
    RingBuffer *in_rb = RingBuffer_create(1024 * 10);
    RingBuffer *sock_rb = RingBuffer_create(1024 * 10);

    check(argc == 3, "USAGE: netclient host port");

    socket = client_connect(argv[1], argv[2]);
    check(socket >= 0, "connect to %s:%s failed.", argv[1], argv[2]);

    FD_ZERO(&allreads);
    FD_SET(socket, &allreads);
    FD_SET(0, &allreads);

    while(1) {
        readmask = allreads;
        rc = select(socket + 1, &readmask, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        check(rc >= 0, "select failed.");

        if(FD_ISSET(0, &readmask)) {
            rc = read_some(in_rb, 0, 0);
            check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to read from stdin.");
        }

        if(FD_ISSET(socket, &readmask)) {
            rc = read_some(sock_rb, socket, 0);
            check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to read from socket.");
        }

        while(!RingBuffer_empty(sock_rb)) {
            rc = write_some(sock_rb, 1, 0);
            check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to write to stdout.");
        }

        while(!RingBuffer_empty(in_rb)) {
            rc = write_some(in_rb, socket, 1);
            check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to write to socket.");
        }
    }

    return 0;

error:
    return -1;
}

代码中使用了select来处理stdin(文件描述符0)和用于和服务器交互的socket中的事件。它使用了RingBuffer来储存和复制数据,并且你可以认为read_somewrite_some函数都是RingBuffer中相似函数的原型。

在这一小段代码中,可能有一些你并不知道的网络函数。当你碰到不知道的函数时,在手册页上查询它来确保你理解了它。这一小段代码可能需要让你研究用于小型服务器编程的所有C语言API。

你会看到什么

如果你完成了所有构建,测试的最快方式就是看看你能否从learncodethehardway.org上得到一个特殊的文件:

$
$ ./bin/netclient learncodethehardway.org 80
GET /ex45.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: learncodethehardway.org

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Fri, 27 Apr 2012 00:41:25 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 41
Last-Modified: Fri, 27 Apr 2012 00:42:11 GMT
ETag: 4f99eb63-29
Server: Mongrel2/1.7.5

Learn C The Hard Way, Exercise 45 works.
^C
$

这里我所做的事情是键入创建/ex45.txt的HTTP请求所需的语法,在Host:请求航之后,按下ENTER键来输入空行。接着我获取相应,包括响应头和内容。最后我按下CTRL-C来退出。

如何使它崩溃

这段代码肯定含有bug,但是当前在本书的草稿中,我会继续完成它。与此同时,尝试分析代码,并且用其它服务器来击溃它。一种叫做netcat的工具可以用于建立这种服务器。另一种方法就是使用PythonRuby之类的语言创建一个简单的“垃圾服务器”,来产生垃圾数据,随机关闭连接,或者其它异常行为。

如果你找到了bug,在评论中报告它们,我会修复它。

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