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ES 文档的基本操作

2021-03-05  本文已影响0人  小P聊技术

1 介绍

主要介绍索引请求的基础API操作,使用postman进行请求,接口请求的前缀地址统一为elasticsearch 部署IP地址+端口号(例如 http://192.168.51.4:9200 。下方提供postman测试使用的接口地址JSON导出文件:

postman 接口集合下载地址: https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_15769939/15492332

2 文档基础操作

首先创建一个索引 (doc_api_demo),用来做文档API的测试。

2.1 创建文档

请求方式 接口地址 备注
POST /doc_api_demo/_doc/1 doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1:索引在ES的ID

传递的JSON参数

{
    "id": 1001,
    "name": "auskat-1",
    "desc": "tic is a good man 1",
    "create_date": "2019-12-24"
}
{
    "id": 1002,
    "name": "auskat-2",
    "desc": "tic 是个好人",
    "create_date": "2019-12-25"
}
{
    "id": 1003,
    "name": "auskat-3",
    "desc": "tic 要成为一个好人",
    "create_date": "2020-12-26"
}
{
    "id": 1004,
    "name": "auskat-5",
    "desc": "tic 真是一个好人",
    "create_date": "2020-12-27"
}

请求结果

{
    "_index": "doc_api_demo",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

这个ID属性并不是这条记录的ID,而是这条索引记录的ID,如果不设置,会默认生成一个唯一的字符串ID。实际的使用过程中,一般与数据的唯一ID保持一致。

2.2 文档修改

2.2.1 局部修改

请求方式 接口地址 备注
POST /doc_api_demo/_doc/1004/_update doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1004:索引的ID

传递JSON数据

{
    "doc": {
        "name": "我是tic 我要单独改名为 ttd"
    }
}

请求结果

{
    "_index": "doc_api_demo",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1004",
    "_version": 3,
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 6,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

2.2.2 全量替换

请求方式 接口地址 备注
PUT /doc_api_demo/_doc/1004 doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1004:索引的ID

传递JSON数据

{
    "id": 1004,
    "name": "tic tic tic",
    "desc": "tic 真的要变成一个好人了",
    "create_date": "2020-12-28"
}

请求结果

{
    "_index": "doc_api_demo",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1004",
    "_version": 4,
    "result": "updated",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 7,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

_version 代表文档的版本号,没修改一次都会发生累加改变。

2.3 文档查询

2.3.1 单个文档查询

请求方式 接口地址 备注
GET /doc_api_demo/_doc/1004 doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1004:索引的ID

请求结果

{
    "_index": "doc_api_demo",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1004",
    "_version": 4,
    "_seq_no": 7,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "id": 1004,
        "name": "tic tic tic",
        "desc": "tic 真的要变成一个好人了",
        "create_date": "2020-12-28"
    }
}

2.3.2 查询全量文档数据

请求方式 接口地址 备注
GET /doc_api_demo/_doc/_search doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1004:索引的ID

请求结果

{
    "took": 7,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 4,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "doc": {
                        "name": "我是阿苏卡DDD"
                    },
                    "name": "我是阿苏卡CC"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "okcQzncBZX7VGcys4RIc",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "id": 1009,
                    "name": "auskat-1",
                    "desc": "tic is a good man 1",
                    "create_date": "2019-12-24"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "id": 1003,
                    "name": "auskat-3",
                    "desc": "tic is a good man 3",
                    "create_date": "2019-12-24"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "6",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "auskat-8",
                    "desc": "tic is a good man 8",
                    "create_date": "2019-12-24"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

2.3.3 指定要查询的字段

请求方式 接口地址 备注
GET /doc_api_demo/_doc/1004?_source=id,name doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1004:索引的ID
GET /doc_api_demo/_doc/_search?_source=id,name doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />

请求结果

{
    "took": 7,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 4,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "我是阿苏卡CC"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "okcQzncBZX7VGcys4RIc",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "auskat-1",
                    "id": 1009
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "auskat-3",
                    "id": 1003
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "my_doc",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "6",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "auskat-8"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

2.3.4 判断文档是否存在

请求方式 接口地址 备注
HEAD /doc_api_demo/_doc/1004 doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1004:索引的ID

请求结果

{
    "_index": "doc_api_demo",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1004",
    "_version": 4,
    "_seq_no": 7,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "id": 1004,
        "name": "tic tic tic",
        "desc": "tic 真的要变成一个好人了",
        "create_date": "2020-12-28"
    }
}

2.4 文档删除

请求方式 接口地址 备注
DELETE /index_api_demo/1004 doc_api_demo:索引名称<br />1004:索引的ID

返回结果

{
    "_index": "doc_api_demo",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "4",
    "_version": 2,
    "result": "deleted",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

文档删除不是立即删除,文档还是保存在磁盘上的,索引增长越来越多,才会把那些曾经标识过删除的,进行清理,从磁盘上移出去。

3 相关信息

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