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「NDK」三 CMake构建NDK项目生成so库

2019-07-11  本文已影响0人  叨码

废话不多说,上图上代码上步骤:

一.环境
1. 安装必要的工具:

CMake : NDK构建工具
LLDB : NDK调试工具
NDK : NDK开发工具

image.png

2.创建NDK项目

image.png

勾选下【c++ support】 然后一路next 到【Customize C++ Support】设置:

image.png

可以看到三个选项:

在这里我们使用默认C++标准,不勾选下面的两个选项,点击【Finish】按钮进入下一个环节。

3.NDK项目

image.png

上面标注的就是区别于普通项目的地方,分别看下:
build.gradle配置:


image.png

可以看到build.gradle配置多了两个externalNativeBuild 配置项:

defaultConfig {
    ....
    ....
    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            cppFlags ""
        }
    }
}

这里配置了CMake的命令参数,在创建项目时,如果勾选了【Exceptions Support】和【Runtime Type Information Supprot】选项,配置就变成了:

defaultConfig {
    ....
    ....
    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            cppFlags "-fexceptions -frtti"
        }
    }
}

更多的命令参数可查看官宣

externalNativeBuild {
    cmake {
        path "CMakeLists.txt"
    }
}

外面的作用在于指定了CMake的构建脚本CMakeLists.txt的路径。

对CMakeLists.txt不太了解的稍后可以移步:CMakeLists.text详解

这里项目创建完成后,Android studio会自动给我们生成了一份配置好了的CMakeLists.text文件


# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.

add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
        native-lib #生成的库文件名

        # Sets the library as a shared library.
        SHARED

        # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
        src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp)

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
        log-lib

        # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
        # you want CMake to locate.
        log)

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.

target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
        native-lib

        # Links the target library to the log library
        # included in the NDK.
        ${log-lib})

同时比普通的android项目多出了一个cpp文件夹和其路径下的native-lib.cpp源码文件。
源码定义了一个方法,方法名是通过Java_包名类名方法名 的方式命名的 native-lib.cpp,代码如下:

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_ing_ndklearn_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "Hello from C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

其作用是返回一个字符串给Java层调用。

现在CmakeLists.txt 和 源码文件 AndroidStudio已经都帮我们准备好了,万事俱备,只欠东风,此刻你就是诸葛在世,羽扇纶巾,设坛作法,轻点一下【build】 -- 【Make project】稍等片刻~让风飞一会儿
当看到【build】--【intermediates】--【cmake】--【debug】--【obj】下


image.png

就看到东西南北so文件了...

so库文件生成了,如何调用,方法如下:

package com.ing.ndklearn;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    // Used to load the 'native-lib' library on application startup.
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Example of a call to a native method
        TextView tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sample_text);
        tv.setText(stringFromJNI());
    }

    /**
     * A native method that is implemented by the 'native-lib' native library,
     * which is packaged with this application.
     */
    public native String stringFromJNI();
}

然后运行后看效果,这里就略了,效果就是页面显示“Hello from c++ ”。

题外话

这里的MainActivity 是默认生成的,即入口Activity,也是java层的调用类,如果你觉得怪,可以将其中jni的代码抽离出来,单独创建一个调用类,比如命名为NDKLibrary :

package com.ing.ndklearn;

/**
 * Created by ing on 2019/7/9
 */
public class NDKLibrary {
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
    }
    
    public static native String stringFromJNI();
}

那么同时要修改下native-lib.cpp 将

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_ing_ndklearn_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "Hello from C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

替换成

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_ing_ndklearn_NDKLibrary_stringFromJNI(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "Hello from C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

重新Make Project下,生成新的so库。
此时,MainActivity作为调用方修改为如下

package com.ing.ndklearn;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//
//    // Used to load the 'native-lib' library on application startup.
//    static {
//        System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
//    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Example of a call to a native method
        TextView tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sample_text);
        tv.setText(NDKLibrary.stringFromJNI());
    }

    /**
     * A native method that is implemented by the 'native-lib' native library,
     * which is packaged with this application.
     */
//    public native String stringFromJNI();
}

运行后与之前的效果一致,页面显示“Hello from c++ ”。
总结一下整个过程

  1. Gradle 调用您的外部构建脚本 CMakeLists.txt
  2. CMake 按照构建脚本中的命令将 C++ 源文件 native-lib.cpp 编译到共享的对象库中,并命名为 libnative-lib.so,Gradle 随后会将其打包到 APK 中。
  3. 运行时,应用的 MainActivity 会使用 System.loadLibrary()加载原生库。现在,应用可以使用库的原生函数 stringFromJNI()
  4. MainActivity.onCreate() 调用 stringFromJNI(),这将返回“Hello from C++”并使用这些文字更新 TextView

以上,就是利用AndroidStudio 默认的CMake方式构建NDK项目,虽然简单,但对于我们去认识理解NDK开发是很有用的。

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