namenode无法启动问题

Hadoop中运行start-all命令后，通过jps查看进程，发现namenode并没有启动

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按照网上的方法，删除hadoop的临时目录tmp后重启，仍然没有用

查看日志如下

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org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.InconsistentFSStateException: Directory /usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/tmp/dfs/name is in an inconsistent state: storage directory does not exist or is not accessible.
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImage.recoverStorageDirs(FSImage.java:369)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImage.recoverTransitionRead(FSImage.java:220)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.loadFSImage(FSNamesystem.java:1044)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.loadFromDisk(FSNamesystem.java:707)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.loadNamesystem(NameNode.java:635)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.initialize(NameNode.java:696)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:906)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:885)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createNameNode(NameNode.java:1626)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.main(NameNode.java:1694)
2018-03-05 06:46:04,300 INFO org.mortbay.log: Stopped HttpServer2$SelectChannelConnectorWithSafeStartup@0.0.0.0:50070
2018-03-05 06:46:04,402 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: Stopping NameNode metrics system...
2018-03-05 06:46:04,403 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: NameNode metrics system stopped.
2018-03-05 06:46:04,404 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: NameNode metrics system shutdown complete.
2018-03-05 06:46:04,404 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode: Failed to start namenode.
org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.InconsistentFSStateException: Directory /usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/tmp/dfs/name is in an inconsistent state: storage directory does not exist or is not accessible.
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImage.recoverStorageDirs(FSImage.java:369)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImage.recoverTransitionRead(FSImage.java:220)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.loadFSImage(FSNamesystem.java:1044)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.loadFromDisk(FSNamesystem.java:707)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.loadNamesystem(NameNode.java:635)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.initialize(NameNode.java:696)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:906)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:885)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createNameNode(NameNode.java:1626)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.main(NameNode.java:1694)
2018-03-05 06:46:04,408 INFO org.apache.hadoop.util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 1

/usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/tmp/dfs/name is in an inconsistent state: storage directory does not exist or is not accessible.

从这入手，这是一个临时目录，在每次hadoop重启的时候都会删除，所以找不到

解决方法：

修改core-site.xml

<property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>file:///usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
</property>

改成如下：

<property>
                <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
                <value>/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
</property>

所以，每次重启临时文件都会被清除