React Native开发经验集React Native开发React.js

React 查漏补缺

2018-11-22  本文已影响11人  880d91446f17

在工作做我们一直使用react及react相关框架(antd/antd-mobile)

但是对于react的深层的了解不够:JSX语法与虚拟DOM的关系?高阶组件是如何实现的?dom diff的原理?

通过写一篇react小册来查缺补漏。

JSX和虚拟DOM

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';

ReactDOM.render(
    <label className="test" htmlFor='hello'>
        hello<span>world</span>
    </label>, 
    document.getElementById('root')
);

使用 ReactDOM.render ,第一个参数传入JSX语法糖,第二个参数传入container,能简单实现在document上创建h1 dom节点。

其实,内部的执行方式如下:

import React from 'react';
import {render} from 'react-dom';
render(
    React.createElement(
        'h1',
        {name:'yy',className:'test'},
        'hello',
        React.createElement(
            'span',
            null,
            'world'
        )
    ),
    document.getElementById('root')
);

所以ReactDOM.render的时候,看似引入的React没有用,但必须引入。

生产的HTML:

<label for="hello" class="test">hello<span>world</span></label>

debug一下react createElement源码了解流程:

var React = {
    ...
    createElement: createElementWithValidation,
    ...
}

function createElementWithValidation(type, props, children) {

    var element = createElement.apply(this, arguments);

    ...//校验迭代器数组是否存在唯一key
    ...//校验fragment片段props
    ...//props type校验

    return element    
}

function createElement(type, config, children) {
  var propName = void 0;

  // Reserved names are extracted
  var props = {};

  var key = null;
  var ref = null;
  var self = null;
  var source = null;

  ...

  return ReactElement(type, key, ref, self, source, ReactCurrentOwner.current, props);

}

React.createElement 开始执行,完成了参数校验, 迭代 展开childrens的参数:type, props, key, ref, self, source。返回了一个类似于babel语法树结构的嵌套对象(只是个人认为...),如图下:

image

</figure>

简化版:保留了返回对象中最关键的属性(type,props)

function ReactElement(type,props) {
    this.type = type;
    this.props = props;
}
let React = {
    createElement(type,props={},...childrens){
        childrens.length===1?childrens = childrens[0]:void 0
        return new ReactElement(type,{...props,children:childrens})
    }
};

通过上面的梳理,React.createElement返回的是一个含有type(标签),和它标签属性和内部对象(children)的Object

{
    props:{
        childrens:['text',{type:'xx',props:{}}]
        name:'xx'
        className:'xx'
    }
    type:'xx'
}

我们可以根据ReactDom.render()的入参,简写出它的实现方法。

let render = (vNode,container)=>{
    let {type,props} = vNode;
    let elementNode = document.createElement(type); // 创建第一个元素
    for(let attr in props){ // 循环所有属性
        if(attr === 'children'){ // 如果是children表示有嵌套关系
            if(typeof props[attr] == 'object'){ // 看是否是只有一个文本节点
                props[attr].forEach(item=>{ // 多个的话循环判断 如果是对象再次调用render方法
                    if(typeof item === 'object'){
                        render(item,elementNode)
                    }else{ //是文本节点 直接创建即可
                        elementNode.appendChild(document.createTextNode(item));
                    }
                })
            }else{ // 只有一个文本节点直接创建即可
                elementNode.appendChild(document.createTextNode(props[attr]));
            }
        }else{
            elementNode = setAttribute(elementNode,attr,props[attr])
        }
    }
    container.appendChild(elementNode)
};

function setAttribute(dom,name,value) {
    if(name === 'className') name = 'class'

    if(/on\w+/.test(name)){
        name = name.toLowerCase();
        dom[ name ] = value || '';
    }else if ( name === 'style' ) {
        if ( !value || typeof value === 'string' ) {
            dom.style.cssText = value || '';
        } else if ( value && typeof value === 'object' ) {
            for ( let name in value ) {
                dom.style[ name ] = typeof value[ name ] === 'number' ? value[ name ] + 'px' : value[ name ];
            }
        }
    }else{
        if ( name in dom ) {
            dom[ name ] = value || '';
        }
        if ( value ) {
            dom.setAttribute( name, value );
        } else {
            dom.removeAttribute( name );
        }
    }
    return dom
}

dom diff

Ract作为数据渲染DOM的框架,如果用传统的删除整个节点并新建节点的方式会很消耗性能。

React渲染页面的方法时比较对比虚拟DOM前后的变化,再生产新的DOM。

检查一个节点是否变化,要比较节点自身及它的父子节点,所以查找任意两棵树之间最少修改数的时间复杂度是O(n^3)。

image

React比较只比较当前层(同一颜色层),将比较步骤优化到了接近O(n)。

一、创建dom

优化JSX和虚拟DOM中, createElement 方法:

element.js
let utils = require('./utils')
class Element {
    constructor(tagName, attrs, key, children) {
        this.tagName = tagName;
        this.attrs = attrs;
        this.key = key;
        this.children = children || [];
    }

    render() {
        let element = document.createElement(this.tagName);
        for (let attr in this.attrs) {
            utils.setAttribute(element, attr, this.attrs[attr]);
            element.setAttribute('key', this.key)
        }
        let children = this.children || [];
        //先序深度遍历
        children.forEach(child => {
            let childElement = (child instanceof Element) ? child.render() : document.createTextNode(child);
            element.appendChild(childElement);
        });
        return element;
    }
}

引申一下(先序遍历)

class Tree {
    constructor(v, children) {
        this.v = v
        this.children = children || null
    }
}

const tree = new Tree(10, [
    new Tree(5),
    new Tree(3, [new Tree(7), new Tree(11)]),
    new Tree(2)
])

module.exports = tree

const tree = require('./1.Tree')
function tree_transverse(tree) {
    console.log(tree.v)//10 5 3 7 11 2
    tree.children && tree.children.forEach(tree_transverse)
}

tree_transverse(tree)

创建原始dom dom1,插入到页面。

let ul1 = createElement('ul', {class: 'list'}, 'A', [
    createElement('li', {class: 'list1'}, 'B', ['1']),
    createElement('li', {class: 'list2'}, 'C', ['2']),
    createElement('li', {class: 'list3'}, 'D', ['3'])
]);
let root = dom1.render();
document.body.appendChild(root);
image

创建节点变化的DOM树 dom2,修改了dom2的父节点ul的属性class,新增并修改了子节点的位置

let ul2 = createElement('ul', {class: 'list2'}, 'A', [
    createElement('li', {class: 'list4'}, 'E', ['6']),
    createElement('li', {class: 'list1'}, 'B', ['1']),
    createElement('li', {class: 'list3'}, 'D', ['3']),
    createElement('li', {class: 'list5'}, 'F', ['5']),
]);

我们不能生硬得去直接销毁dom1,新建dom2。而是应该比较新旧两个dom,在原始dom上增删改。

let patches = diff(dom1, dom2,root)

  1. 首先对两个节点进行 文本节点 比较
function diff(oldTree, newTree, root) {
    let patches = {};
    let index = 0;
    walk(oldTree, newTree, index, patches, root);
    return patches;
}
function walk(oldNode, newNode, index, patches, root) {
    let currentPatch = [];
    if (utils.isString(oldNode) && utils.isString(newNode)) {
        if (oldNode != newNode) {
            currentPatch.push({type: utils.TEXT, content: newNode});
        }
    } 
}    

如果文本不同,我们 打补丁 ,记录修改的类型和文本内容

  1. 标签比较:如果标签一致,进行属性比较。不一致说明节点被替换,记录替换补丁
  else if (oldNode.tagName == newNode.tagName) {
        let attrsPatch = diffAttrs(oldNode, newNode);
        if (Object.keys(attrsPatch).length > 0) {
            currentPatch.push({type: utils.ATTRS, node: attrsPatch});
        }
    } else {
        currentPatch.push({type: utils.REPLACE, node: newNode});
    }
    ···
  1. 根据补丁,修改原始dom节点
let keyIndex = 0;
let utils = require('./utils');
let allPatches;//这里就是完整的补丁包
let {Element} = require('./element')

function patch(root, patches) {
    allPatches = patches;
    walk(root);
}

function walk(node) {
    let currentPatches = allPatches[keyIndex++];
    (node.childNodes || []).forEach(child => walk(child));
    if (currentPatches) {
        doPatch(node, currentPatches);
    }
}

function doPatch(node, currentPatches) {
    currentPatches.forEach(patch=> {
        switch (patch.type) {
            case utils.ATTRS:
                for (let attr in patch.node) {
                    let value = patch.node[attr];
                    if (value) {
                        utils.setAttribute(node, attr, value);
                    } else {
                        node.removeAttribute(attr);
                    }
                }
                break;
            case utils.TEXT:
                node.textContent = patch.content;
                break;
            case utils.REPLACE:
                let newNode = (patch.node instanceof Element) ? patch.node.render() : document.createTextNode(patch.node);
                node.parentNode.replaceChild(newNode, node);
                break;
            case utils.REMOVE:
                node.parentNode.removeChild(node);
                break;
        }
    })
}

module.exports = patch

进行到这里,我们已经完成了父节点的修补。

对于ul的子节点,我们可以使用同样的方法进行迭代一次。但是我们推荐用子节点的key来更快速得去判断是否删除、新增、顺序变换。

image

在oldTree中,有三个子元素 B、C、D 在newTree中,有四个子元素 E、B、C、D

  1. 在oldTree中去除newTree中没有的元素
function childDiff(oldChildren, newChildren) {
    let patches = []
    let newKeys = newChildren.map(item=>item.key)
    let oldIndex = 0;
    while (oldIndex < oldChildren.length) {
        let oldKey = oldChildren[oldIndex].key;//A
        if (!newKeys.includes(oldKey)) {
            remove(oldIndex);
            oldChildren.splice(oldIndex, 1);
        } else {
            oldIndex++;
        }
    }
}    

//标记去除的index
function remove(index) {
    patches.push({type: utils.REMOVE, index})
}
  1. 接下来将newTree数组合并到oldTree中,我的口诀是:新向旧合并,相等旧位移,记录新位标(O(∩_∩)O哈哈哈~)

function childDiff(oldChildren, newChildren) {
...

oldIndex = 0;
newIndex = 0;

while (newIndex < newChildren.length) {
    let newKey = (newChildren[newIndex] || {}).key;
    let oldKey = (oldChildren[oldIndex] || {}).key;
    if (!oldKey) {
        insert(newIndex,newChildren[newIndex]);
        newIndex++;
    } else if (oldKey != newKey) {
        let nextOldKey = (oldChildren[oldIndex + 1] || {}).key;
        if (nextOldKey == newKey) {
            remove(newIndex);
            oldChildren.splice(oldIndex, 1);
        } else {
            insert(newIndex, newChildren[newIndex]);
            newIndex++;
        }
    } else {
        oldIndex++;
        newIndex++;
    }
}

function remove(index) {
    patches.push({type: utils.REMOVE, index})
}
...

3.  删除多余节点

while (oldIndex++ < oldChildren.length) {
remove(newIndex)
}

4.  根据补丁修改节点

function childPatch(root, patches = []) {

let nodeMap = {};

(Array.from(root.childNodes)).forEach(node => {
    nodeMap[node.getAttribute('key')] = node
});

patches.forEach(path=> {
    let oldNode
    switch (path.type) {
        case utils.INSERT:
            let newNode = nodeMap[path.node.key] || path.node.render()
            oldNode = root.childNodes[path.index]
            if (oldNode) {
                root.insertBefore(newNode, oldNode)
            } else {
                root.appendChild(newNode)
            }
            break;
        case utils.REMOVE:
            oldNode = root.childNodes[path.index]
            if (oldNode) {
                root.removeChild(oldNode)
            }
            break;
        default:
            throw new Error('没有这种补丁类型')
    }
})

}


记录补丁修改节点结果:
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