笃学奖--Topic7--B19207--甘比精读
Day1 words & phrases
pilgrims
Pilgrim Fathers(also Pilgrims)
1.N-PLURALthe English Puritans who sailed on the Mayflower to New England, where they founded Plymouth Colony in SE Massachusetts (1620) 朝圣者祖先; 1620 年乘五月花号赴美,为美国奠定国家基础之英国清教徒
resurgence
N-SINGIf there is aresurgenceofan attitude or activity, it reappears and grows. 复苏[正式][also no det, oft N 'of' n]
例：Police say drugs traffickers are behind the resurgence of violence.
警方说毒贩是暴力事件增加的原因。
impediment
impediment /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/ TEM8 ( impediments )
1.N-COUNTSomething that is animpedimenttoa person or thing makes their movement, development, or progress difficult. 妨碍; 障碍物[正式]
例：He was satisfied that there was no legal impediment to the marriage.
他对于这场婚姻没有法律上的障碍感到很满意。
2.N-COUNTSomeone who has a speechimpedimenthas a disability that makes speaking difficult. (言语) 障碍
例：John's slight speech impediment made it difficult for his mother to understand him.
约翰轻微的口吃使他母亲难以听懂他。
entwined
1.V-RECIPIf one thingis entwinedwithanother thing, or if youentwinetwo things, the two things are twisted around each other. (使)缠绕[oft ADJ 'with' n]
例：His dazed eyes stare at the eels, which still writhe and entwine.
他茫然地盯着那些仍在扭动缠绕的鳗鱼。
例：Facing each other, the giraffes entwine their necks in the most astonishing manner.
长颈鹿面对面地站着，以令人无比惊骇的姿势将脖子缠绕到了一起。
例：He entwined his fingers with hers.
他和她十指相扣。
例：...with silk ribbons and flowers entwined in their hair.
...她们的头发里缠绕着丝带和花朵。
2.V-T/V-IIf two thingsentwineorare entwined, they closely resemble or are linked to each other, and they are difficult to separate or identify. (使)纠缠; (使)紧密结合
例：The book entwines the personal and the political to chart the history of four generations of the family.
这本书交织描述了这个家族四代人的个人及政治的历史。
例：Once, years ago, he told me our lives should entwine.
多年前他曾跟我说，我们的生命应该交织在一起。
3.entwinedADJ
例：...before media manipulation became entwined with management.
...在媒体操纵渗透到管理中之前。
trinity
-a group of three things or people
例：Heintroducedandexplainedtheconceptof theHolyTrinitytohisfollowersbyusingtheShamrockwith its threeleavesassymbol.
他运用三叶草的三片叶子作为象征，向他的同伴们介绍和说明了基督圣三一的概念。
shorn(shear过去分词）
1.V-TTosheara sheep means to cut its wool off. (给羊) 剪毛
例：Competitors have six minutes to shear four sheep.
参赛者们有6分钟的时间来给4只羊剪毛。
2.shearingN-UNCOUNT剪羊毛
例：...a display of sheep shearing.
…一场剪羊毛表演。
3.N-PLURALA pair ofshearsis a garden tool like a very large pair of scissors. Shears are used especially for cutting hedges. 大剪刀
例：Trim the shrubs with shears.
用大剪刀修剪这些灌木。
vi. 剪；[机]剪切；修剪trim off,to prune
n. [力]切变；修剪；大剪刀cutting back,clipper
brutal
1.ADJAbrutalact or person is cruel and violent. 残暴的
例：He was the victim of a very brutal murder.
他是一桩异常残暴的谋杀案的受害者。
例：...the brutal suppression of anti-government protests.
…对反政府抗议行动的残酷镇压。
2.brutallyADV残暴地
例：Her real parents had been brutally murdered.
她的亲生父母已被残暴地杀害了。
3.ADJIf someone expresses something unpleasant withbrutalhonesty or frankness, they express it in a clear and accurate way, without attempting to disguise its unpleasantness. 不留情面的 (诚实、直白)
例：It was refreshing to talk about themselves and their feelings with brutal honesty.
不留情面的诚实地谈论他们自己和他们的感情令人耳目一新。
4.brutallyADV不留情面地
例：The talks had been brutally frank.
那些谈话不留情面地
rattle
1.V-T/V-IWhen somethingrattlesor when yourattleit, it makes short, sharp, knocking sounds because it is being shaken or it keeps hitting against something hard. 使发出嘎嘎声; 发出嘎嘎声
例：She slams the kitchen door so hard I hear dishes rattle.
她砰地一下使劲关上厨房门，我听到盘子都震得嘎嘎响。
2.N-COUNTRattleis also a noun. 嘎嘎声
例：There was a rattle of rifle fire.
有步枪射击发出的嘎嘎声。
3.N-COUNTArattleis a baby's toy with small, loose objects inside which make a noise when the baby shakes it. 拨浪鼓
4.V-TIf something or someonerattlesyou, they make you nervous. 使紧张
例：Officials are not normally rattled by any reporter's question.
官员们一般不会因为任何记者的提问而紧张不安。
5.rattledADJ紧张的
例：He swore in Spanish, an indication that he was rattled.
他用西班牙语宣誓，这表明他很紧张。
6.Vto fit (a vessel or its rigging) with ratlines 给(船或其桅索)扎梯绳
reconstitute
V-T If an organization or state is reconstituted, it is formed again in a different way. 再构成 [usu passive]
例：Slowly Jewish communities were reconstituted and Jewish life began anew.
慢慢的，犹太人社区再度成型，并且犹太式的生活也开始复原。
2.V-T To reconstitute dried food means to add water to it so that it can be eaten. 加水使(脱水食物)复原
例：To reconstitute dried tomatoes, simmer in plain water until they are tender.
给干西红柿加水使其复原，放在清水里炖直到它们变嫩。
例：Try eating reconstituted dried prunes, figs, or apricots.
试着吃加水复原的干西梅干、无花果或杏仁。
(SYN)
vt. 重新设立；重新组成 reform
revitalise
（英式英语）revitalize/riːˈvaɪtəˌlaɪz/CET6+ TEM4( revitalizing, revitalized, revitalizes )
BRIT also revitalise
1.V-TTorevitalizesomething that has lost its activity or its health means to make it active or healthy again. 使恢复元气; 使复苏
例：This hair conditioner is excellent for revitalizing dry, lifeless hair.
这种护发素对使干枯、无生气的头发重新焕发光彩非常有效。
abhor
V-TIf youabhorsomething, you hate it very much, especially for moral reasons. 憎恶[正式]
He was a man who abhorred violence and was deeply committed to reconciliation.
他是一个憎恶暴力并极其致力于和解的人。
delved into
-examine something carefully in order to discover more information about someone or something
Onthe nextpage,we'lldelveintotheworldofethology.
下面一页我们将探究一下动物行为学的世界。
Wemustdelveintohismindandfindthesourceofhisdelusions.
我们必须深入探究他的精神状态，找到错觉的根源。
InthislistIdelveintotheworldoftheatersuperstitionsandtry toprovidethereasonsfortheirexistence.
在这个列表中我深挖了世界上的剧院迷信并试图提供他们存在的原因给你们。
panorama
panorama/ˌpænəˈrɑːmə, -ˈræmə/CET6+ TEM4( panoramas )
1.N-COUNTApanoramais a view in which you can see a long way over a wide area of land, usually because you are on high ground. 全景; 远景
例：Horton looked out over a panorama of fertile valleys and gentle hills.
霍顿眺望着那一片肥沃山谷和平缓山脉的景象。
2.N-COUNTApanoramais a broad view of a state of affairs or of a constantly changing series of events. 概述; 全貌
例：The play presents a panorama of the history of communism.
这出戏展现了共产主义历史的全貌。
（SYN）n. 全景，全貌；全景画；概论 panoramic view,overall view
abortion
abortion/əˈbɔːʃən/CET4( abortions )
1.N-VARIf a woman has anabortion, she ends her pregnancy deliberately so that the baby is not born alive. 流产
例：He and his girlfriend had been going out together for a year when she had an abortion.
他的女友流产时，他和她已经交往了一年时间。
co-opt
co-opt( co-opting, co-opted, co-opts )
1.V-TIf youco-optsomeone, you persuade them to help or support you. 团结
例：Mr. Wallace tries to co-opt rather than defeat his critics.
华乐丝先生试着团结而非打击批评他的人。
2.V-TIf someoneis co-optedintoa group, they are asked by that group to become a member, rather than joining or being elected in the normal way. 指派
例：He was co-opted into the Labour Government of 1964.
他被指派加入了1964年的工党政府。
例：He's been authorised to co-opt anyone he wants to join him.
他被授权指派他想要的任何人来帮助他。
3.V-TIf a group or political partyco-optsa slogan or policy, they take it, often from another group or political party, and use it themselves. 借鉴
例：He co-opted many nationalist slogans and cultivated a populist image.
他借鉴了很多民族主义的口号，塑造了个平民化的形象。
truce
truce/truːs/TEM8( truces )
1.N-COUNTAtruceis an agreement between two people or groups of people to stop fighting or arguing for a short time. 停战协议
例：The fighting of recent days has given way to an uneasy truce between the two sides.
最近几天的交战已结束，双方好不容易达成了休战协议。
(SYN) n. 停战；休战；休战协定 armistice
sermon
1.N-COUNTAsermonis a talk on a religious or moral subject that is given by a member of the clergy as part of a church service. 布道; 讲道
例：Cardinal Murphy will deliver the sermon on Sunday.
墨菲红衣主教将在周日布道。
pastor
N-COUNTApastoris a member of the clergy in some churches, especially Protestant churches. (尤指新教的)牧师
fatalism
宿命论 N-UNCOUNTFatalismis a feeling that you cannot control events or prevent unpleasant things from happening, especially when this feeling stops you from making decisions or making an effort.
例：There's a certain mood of fatalism now among the radicals.
现在极端分子中有种宿命论的情绪。
protagonist
/prəʊˈtæɡənɪst/TEM8( protagonists )
1.N-COUNTSomeone who is aprotagonist ofan idea or movement is a supporter of it. 倡导者; 拥护者[正式]
例：...the main protagonists of their countries' integration into the world market.
…将他们的国家融入世界市场的主要倡导者。
2.N-COUNTAprotagonistin a play, novel, or real event is one of the main people in it. (戏剧、小说或真实事件里的) 主人公[正式]
例：...the protagonist of J. D. Salinger's novel "The Catcher in the Rye."
…J·D·塞林格的小说《麦田里的守望者》的主人公。
centre of gravity重心
impediment to progress 前进路上的绊脚石
set about doing= begin doing 开始、着手做某事
destroying the entwined belief system 摧毁这个缠绕的信仰体系
belief in communism erodes 共产主义信仰逐渐消失
the ebb of Christian tide 基督教的退潮（弱化）
shorn of religious and political faith. 失去政治与宗教信仰
moral decay道德沦丧
socialist modernity 社会主义现代性
the Middle Kingdom 神州大地；中国
yearn for sth 渴望
destroy traditional values 毁灭传统价值观
become Sinicised 中国化
abhor violence憎恶暴力
the massive cultural shift 大规模文化转移
a fascinating panorama 迷人的全景
top-down morality campaign 自上而下的道德运动
Jerusalem 耶路撒冷
（同时是犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教三大亚伯拉罕宗教（或称“三大天启宗教”）的圣地）
耶路撒冷（英语：Jerusalem）位于巴勒斯坦中部，介于地中海与死海之间。 耶路撒冷同时是犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教三大亚伯拉罕宗教（或称“三大天启宗教”）的圣地。自从前10世纪，所罗门圣殿在耶路撒冷建成，耶路撒冷一直是犹太教信仰的中心和最神圣的城市，昔日圣殿的遗迹西墙，仍是犹太教最神圣的所在。
两个词根组成，意思是“和平之城”。
国中部城市，世界闻名的古城。人口72.4万（2006），居民主要是
和
。相传公元前十世纪，
的大卫王曾在此筑城建都。公元7世纪成为
的一部分。阿拉伯人不断移入，并和当地土著居民同化，逐步形成了现代巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人。以色列和巴勒斯坦都对耶路撒冷有首都的宣称。
http://baike.so.com/doc/2067849-2187606.html
“A city upon a hill", 山巅之城：举世瞩目之下，言为人师，行为世范。这是美国政治家心中的美国。
"A city upon a hill": 源自圣经马太福音五章十四节，耶稣说：“你们是世上的光。城造在山上，是不能隐藏的。”“A city upon a hill", 山巅之城：举世瞩目之下，言为人师，行为世范。这是美国政治家心中的美国。1630年，英国律师，清教徒 John Winthrop，率领1000多在英国受迫害的清教徒乘船前往新大陆，期望并坚信在大西洋的另一边找到自己的“应许之地”。他们到达波士顿，还没下船，他就告诫大家：“We must always consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill—the eyes of all people are upon us.”。早期移民美国的清教徒整体受教育程度很高，不少牛津，剑桥（大多数）毕业的。六年后，1636年就创立了哈佛大学。美国精神跟清教徒精神一脉相承，包括开拓，进取，创新，勤奋，节俭，诚实守信，回馈社会的意识，和维护正义的勇气等等。此后的美国政治家经常援引John Winthrop上面那句话，愿意相信美国是 God's country, "a city upon a hill"。 比如肯尼迪总统1961年说：“Today the eyes of all people are truly upon us—and our governments, in every branch, at every level, national, state and local, must be as a city upon a hill — constructed and inhabited by men aware of their great trust and their great responsibilities.”
http://www.qifaedu.com/article/2016/0120/1461566019727705.html
Great Awakening
1720年至1740年代期间在英国殖民时期的北美洲兴起的宗教奋兴运动。
原为欧洲大陆虔敬主义或寂静主义以及英格兰福音派运动的一部分，17世纪末至18世纪初在卫斯理（J. Wesley）等牧师的领导之下席卷西欧。北美洲的大觉醒运动是新教徒对抗宗教上形式主义和理性主义的福音运动，带有强烈的加尔文派。奋兴布道家强调罪人恐惧惩罚和希望从神处得到未获得的恩典的需要。怀特菲尔德（G. Whitefield, 1714～1770）是最受欢迎的牧师，1739～1740年在整个殖民地向广大群众布道。爱德华兹（J. Edwards）协助启发了大觉醒运动，也是最重要的神学家。对印第安人传教及学院的设立（包括普林斯顿大学），都是大觉醒运动带来的结果。1790年代在新英格兰和肯塔基兴起另一个奋兴运动，称为第二次大觉醒。
所谓“布道”是宗教的专用名词,指在正式的宗教仪式上宣传教义的行为。但在宗教传播的过程中,有时也指宗教徒向非宗教信仰的人宣传教义的过程。
Day2 Logical lines & 神句神词组
笃学奖--Topic7--B19207--甘比精读
【神句翻译】结合笃师讲解
1.In a society without universal rules, many yearn for a new or reconstituted moral order.
在一个缺乏普遍规则的社会中，许多人渴望着一个新的或是新建的道德秩序。
在缺乏普遍规章的社会,许多人渴望道德秩序焕然一新或得以重建。
形容词变动词~
2.A state without virtue can not flourish; a person without virtue can not succeed.
国无德不兴，人无德不立。
国无德不兴，人无德不立
习大大提出，琅琅上口，不妨记下来，万一口译时候能用上呢？！~
注意当中的分号，用于连接两个关系紧密的句子。这是唯一一个可以衔接两个句子成为松散句的标点符号。
3.Aware of the political implications of a society lacking virtue, Mr Xi has launched a campaign of national renewal based on revitalising China’s traditional values and melding them to the Communist Party.
习总书记意识到社会缺乏美德将在政治上带来的影响，在全国范围内发起了一场运动，目的是复兴中国传统文化价值观，并将它们融入共产党。
习主席深知社会道德缺失所带来的政治影响，于是发起了一场弘扬中国传统价值观的全国复兴运动，并将此精神融入中国共产党内。
Launch a campaign已经至少第三次粗现了，表和我缩不眼熟哦~
Implication: a possible effect or result of an action or a decision，可能的影响，作用，结果。
也是至少第二次出现~~可替换influence,用词多样化！~
implication更多用于描述某事件或决策带来的后续影响：
例如The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside.
They fail to consider the wider implications of their actions.
4.The party wants believers’morality without their activism but is finding that the two are inseparable, especially for Christians.
政党希望建立其信众的道德观，摒弃激进主义，但却发现这二者是不可分割的，尤其是对于基督徒而言。
执政党希望信徒遵守道德的同时，却不希望他们表现出激进的一面。然而现在发现二者难以割离，基督教徒尤为如此。
5.The sermons of Wang Yi, a house church pastor in the city of Chengdu, epitomise the changes taking place across the country, perhaps because he presents a clear vision of the future that is neither the party narrative nor just a reversion to the past.
Wang Yi，成都的一位教会牧师，也许正是因为他提出了一个对未来的清晰设想，体现全国各地所发生的变化；这个设想既不是党单方面的愿景也不仅仅是对过去的回归。
Wang yi是成都的一位家庭教会牧师，也许因为他清晰的描绘了中国宗教未来的景象，他的布道可以说是集中体现了中国在这一方面正在经历的变化：未来的宗教格局既不会遵照中国共产党的舆论发展，也不会纯粹恢复过去的模式。
【神词组】
1.Moral decay: 道德沦丧
道德沦丧（固定搭配，建议内化）
2.A resurgence of religious faith:复兴宗教信仰
宗教信仰的复兴
3.See...as an impediment to progress:把……看作发展过程中的阻碍
视作进步的绊脚石
4.Set about doing sth:着手做……
着手/开始做….事情=to start doing sth
Eg. We need to set about finding a solution.得着手寻找一个解决方法。
5.Four decades on 40多年来
四十年后（建议内化，以丰富用词，以后可以替代After four decades这种常规用法啦~~）
6.Work out:解答，弄清楚
和本文匹配的意思应该是：to find the answer to sth 常见词组噢～～
7.Delve into:钻研，深入研究
探究 （非常常见的词组，列为主动储备哦）
try hard to find more information about sth
8.Fascinating panorama:迷人的全景，迷人的设想
精彩的全景，衍伸为（某专题或事件的）全面叙述，综合研究；全景画卷
9.Top-down morality campaign:自上而下的道德运动
自上而下的道德宣传活动
10.Adapt the rhythms of the past to a more modern beat:使过去的观点与现今相融
使传统适应现代的节拍
11. "A city upon a hill": 源自圣经马太福音五章十四节，耶稣说：“你们是世上的光。城造在山上，是不能隐藏的。”
“A city upon a hill", 山巅之城：举世瞩目之下，言为人师，行为世范。这是美国政治家心中的美国。
1630年，英国律师，清教徒 John Winthrop，率领1000多在英国受迫害的清教徒乘船前往新大陆，期望并坚信在大西洋的另一边找到自己的“应许之地”。他们到达波士顿，还没下船，他就告诫大家：“We must always consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill—the eyes of all people are upon us.”。早期移民美国的清教徒整体受教育程度很高，不少牛津，剑桥（大多数）毕业的。六年后，1636年就创立了哈佛大学。美国精神跟清教徒精神一脉相承，包括开拓，进取，创新，勤奋，节俭，诚实守信，回馈社会的意识，和维护正义的勇气等等。
此后的美国政治家经常援引John Winthrop上面那句话，愿意相信美国是 God's country, "a city upon a hill"。 比如肯尼迪总统1961年说：“Today the eyes of all people are truly upon us—and our governments, in every branch, at every level, national, state and local, must be as a city upon a hill — constructed and inhabited by men aware of their great trust and their great responsibilities.”
Day3 Feelings about it
「个人理解」面对当今社会价值观的缺失，道德沦丧，习主席意识到问题的严重并着手想要复兴中华民族传统美德，开展自上而下的道德运动，增强社会价值观。可是这个过程中势必也会存在一些阻碍，如外来宗教信仰的冲击，道德的缺失一定程度上可能会影响政治层面。作者最后指出，信仰也要与时俱进，只有找到最适合本国的才能更好发展
「笃师」本文遵循“过去-现在-将来”进行叙述，并辅以例证。中国历来政教合一，传统信仰于无形中支撑整个社会体系。Communist Party执政以后，一度视传统宗教为社会进步的绊脚石，并予以摒弃，导致社会道德缺失，腐败横生。当前中国表现出来的繁荣景象背后，是大量迷失的灵魂寻求救赎，于是各种宗教信仰再次兴起。在这一背景下，为了避免道德缺失可能带来的政治影响，我们的习大大逐渐意识到传统文化和信仰的作用，并开启了一场自上而下的道德宣传运动。而作者则认为自下而上的宗教信仰热潮更能实现道德重塑的目的。最后，借一位家庭牧师之口，作者描绘了未来可能的景象：传统信仰也会进化调整以适应现代社会的需求，各种宗教各得其所，好似耶路撒冷圣城。
就我个人而言对于本篇文章一些看法还是不太同意的，中华传统文化博大精深，外来人或者文化固然是无法理解它的全部内涵，人要有信仰是对的，可是不能一概而论，我个人认为中国传统意义上的信仰更多的是根深蒂固中国文化，主体包括儒道等思想。比如中国“和”，“仁”思想，也因为你骨子里有“和”“中庸”等思想影响，便不会像其他信徒一样过于刻意的回避异教的膜拜方式，这方面中国潜意识信仰反而更有包容性。至于宗教与道德约束两者是肯定有关系的，只是程度的差别。 有人说过“宗教之间没有融合只有竞争”，不由得既庆幸又担忧，庆幸儒道没有被“宗教”二字固化，这样才更有包容性自由性强。担忧则是，若它与其他宗教必然是竞争关系，那么它的文化地位和影响力也摇摇可危，竞争力还是比较弱的，毕竟文化间竞争也是残酷的战争。 儒家道家等不上是真正的宗教，但没有宗教不代表没有信仰，如今中国人性格行为里依然是被儒道等所影响。 其实科学和宗教并不完全对立，有时反而是两个独立的事物，一个是追求真理，一个是精神寄托。我们不信教，但是我们有信仰，而且这信仰更具包容性，更自由，更温和。
Difficulties solved
①进行理解过程中，这句话不是很理解，He believes the West, by focusing on the politics and economics of China, is missing the massive cultural shift of hundreds of millions of Chinese people turning to religious faith for answers.
为什么说西方失去中国人转向宗教信仰的文化转型，这两者之间存在各种联系。经过笃师耐心讲解此句"其实就是指出西方国家只重视中国的政治经济，却忽略了文化上的巨大转变～～"，瞬间恍然大悟～
②同样困住我的middle kingdom"中原之国"
感谢群里各位的分享
笃学奖--Topic7--B19207--甘比精读
参考链接
https://www.zhihu.com/question/52731843/answer/131918105
https://www.zhihu.com/question/52731843/answer/136133621
