Outline before Cold War

United Nations - an international peacekeeping organization to which most nations in the world belong, founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development.

(UN)

Satellite nation - a country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation.

Containment - the blocking of another nation’s attempts to spread its influence - especially the efforts of the US to block the spread of Soviet influence during the late 1940s and early 1950s.

Iron curtain - a phrase used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe an imaginary line that separated Communist countries in the Soviet bloc of Eastern Europe from countries in Western Europe.

Cold War - the state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between the US and the Soviet Union after WWII.

Truman Doctrine - a US policy, announced by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents.

Marshall Plan - the program, proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947, under which the United States supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after WWII.

Berlin airlift - a 327-day operation in which US and British planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city in 1948.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization - a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European countries, the US, and Canada.

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Chiang Kai-shek - Chinese nationalist government, US supported him. 1945-1949.

Mao Zedong - communist worked to win peasant support. By 1945, much of northern China was under communist control.

Taiwan - Chiang and the remnants of his demoralized government fled to the island of Taiwan, which Westerners called Formosa.

38th parallel - (38˚ north/south latitude)

Korean War - a conflict between North Korea and South Korea, lasting from 1950 to 1953, in which the US, along with other UN countries, fought on the side of the South Koreans and China fought on the side of the North Koreans.

Trunman Doctrine 1947:

With the Trunman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the US would provide political. Military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authorization

Marshall Plan

Aid to Europe

Involved the US in European reconstruction

European Recovery Program

Soviets were invited, but they declined

Berlin Airlift

The Soviet Union instituted a blockade of Berlin to protest Western efforts to integrate their zones of occupation in Western Germany.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NATO : 1949

The US, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United Kingdom

Agreed to consider an attack against all, along with consultations about threats and defense matters.

Warsaw Pact: 1955

Treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance.

Korean War

After WWII:

Japanese troops north of 38th parallel (surrendered to Soviets)

Japanese troops south of 38th parallel (surrendered to US)

North Korea attacked South Korea (1950)

Truman ordered troops to support South Korea

Chinese aided the North.