SpringMVC参数绑定
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/7946109
简介:
handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同内容部分分为四类:(主要讲解常用类型)
- @PathVariable:处理requet uri(这里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)
- @RequestHeader、@CookieValue:处理request header部分
- @RequestParam、@RequestBody:处理request body部分
- @SessionAttributes、@ModelAttribute:处理attribute类型
@PathVariable
当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId},这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上
示例代码:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
@RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")
public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model){
// implementation omitted
}
}
上面代码把URI template 中变量 ownerId的值和petId的值,绑定到方法的参数上。若方法参数名称和需要绑定的uri template中变量名称不一致,需要在@PathVariable("name")指定uri template中的名称
@RequestHeader、@CookieValue
@RequestHeader
- 可以把Request请求header部分的值绑定到方法的参数上
- 这是一个Request 的header部分:
Host localhost:8080
Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive 300
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,
@RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive) {
//...
}
上面的代码,把request header部分的Accept-Encoding的值绑定到参数encoding上,Keep-Alive header的值绑定到参数keepAlive上
@CookieValue
- 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上
- 例如有如下Cookie值:
JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84
参数绑定的代码:
@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie){
//...
}
即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上
@RequestParam、@RequestBody
@RequestParam
- 常用来处理简单类型的绑定,通过Request.getParameter()获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况(String-->简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成);因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数,所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以处理post方式中body data的值
- 用来处理Content-Type为:application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,提交方式GET、POST
- 该注解有两个属性:value、required:value用来指定要传入值的id名称,required用来指示参数是否必须绑定
- 示例代码:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pets")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm{
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model){
Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);
model.addAttribute("pet", pet);
return "petForm";
}
}
@RequestBody
- 常用来处理Content-Type不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,例如application/json、application/xml等
- 它是通过使用HandlerAdapter配置的HttpMessageConverters来解析post data body,然后绑定到相应的bean上的;
因为配置有FormHttpMessageConverter,所以也可以用来处理application/x-www-form-urlencoded的内容,处理完的结果放在一个MultiValueMap<String, String>里,这种情况在某些特殊需求下使用,详情查看FormHttpMessageConverter api - 示例代码:
@RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException{
writer.write(body);
}
@SessionAttributes、@ModelAttribute
@SessionAttributes
- 用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值,便于在方法中的参数里使用,有value、types两个属性,可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute对象
- 示例代码:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/editPet.do")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {
// ...
}
@ModelAttribute
- 该注解有两个用法,一个是用于方法上,一个是用于参数上:
用于方法上时: 通常用来在处理@RequestMapping之前,为请求绑定需要从后台查询的model
用于参数上时: 用来通过名称对应,把相应名称的值绑定到注解的参数bean上 - 绑定的值来源于:
A) @SessionAttributes启用的attribute 对象上
B) @ModelAttribute用于方法上时指定的model对象
C) 上述两种情况都没有时,new一个需要绑定的bean对象,然后把request中按名称对应的方式把值绑定到bean中。
用到方法上@ModelAttribute的示例代码:
// Add one attribute
// The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account"
// You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")
@ModelAttribute
public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) {
return accountManager.findAccount(number);
}
这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前,为request对象的model里put("account", Account)
用在参数上的@ModelAttribute示例代码:
@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) {
}
首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象,若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象,若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上
补充讲解:
问题: 在不给定注解的情况下,参数是怎样绑定的?
通过分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代码发现,方法的参数在不给定参数的情况下:
若要绑定的对象时简单类型: 调用@RequestParam来处理的
若要绑定的对象时复杂类型: 调用@ModelAttribute来处理的
这里的简单类型指Java的原始类型(boolean, int 等)、原始类型对象(Boolean, Int等)、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String转换成目标对象的类型
下面贴出AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中绑定参数的部分源代码:
private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception {
Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();
Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i);
methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());
String paramName = null;
String headerName = null;
boolean requestBodyFound = false;
String cookieName = null;
String pathVarName = null;
String attrName = null;
boolean required = false;
String defaultValue = null;
boolean validate = false;
Object[] validationHints = null;
int annotationsFound = 0;
Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();
for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) {
if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;
paramName = requestParam.value();
required = requestParam.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
} else if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;
headerName = requestHeader.value();
required = requestHeader.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
} else if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
requestBodyFound = true;
annotationsFound++;
} else if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;
cookieName = cookieValue.value();
required = cookieValue.required();
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());
annotationsFound++;
} else if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;
pathVarName = pathVar.value();
annotationsFound++;
} else if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;
attrName = attr.value();
annotationsFound++;
} else if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();
} else if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid")) {
validate = true;
Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);
validationHints = (value instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value : new Object[]{value});
}
}
if (annotationsFound > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +
"do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);
}
if (annotationsFound == 0) {// 若没有发现注解
Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest); //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数
if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {
args[i] = argValue;
} else if (defaultValue != null) {
args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);
} else {
Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();
if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "] is of type " +
"Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +
"newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");
}
args[i] = implicitModel;
} else if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
args[i] = this.sessionStatus;
} else if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);
} else if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult argument declared " +
"without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");
} else if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型,若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理
paramName = "";
} else {
attrName = "";
}
}
}
if (paramName != null) {
args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
} else if (headerName != null) {
args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
} else if (requestBodyFound) {
args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);
} else if (cookieName != null) {
args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
} else if (pathVarName != null) {
args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
} else if (attrName != null) {
WebDataBinder binder =
resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);
boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1]));
if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);
}
args[i] = binder.getTarget();
if (assignBindingResult) {
args[i + 1] = binder.getBindingResult();
i++;
}
implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());
}
}
return args;
}
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的参数绑定,代码稍微有些不同,有兴趣的同仁可以分析下,最后处理的结果都是一样的
示例:
@RequestMapping({"/", "/home"})
public String showHomePage(String key){
logger.debug("key="+key);
return "home";
}
这种情况下,就调用默认的@RequestParam来处理
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String doRegister(User user){
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
logger.debug("process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());
logger.debug(user);
}
return "user";
}
这种情况下,就调用@ModelAttribute来处理