微信官方文档

申请测试号：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
模板消息：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/readtmpl?t=tmplmsg/faq_tmpl

1.申请测试号，并记录appID和appsecret

2.关注测试号

3.添加消息模板

{{topic.DATA}} 
用户名： {{user.DATA}} 
单车编号：{{car.DATA}} 
锁定时间：{{date.DATA}} 
{{remark.DATA}}

微信接口配置和代码

1.添加微信配置文件

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "wechat")
public class WechatConf {
    // 获取accessToken的接口
    public static final String GET_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=%s&secret=%s";

    // 发送消息的接口
    public static final String PUSH_MESSAGE_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=%s";

    private String appId;

    private String appsecret;

    // 发送消息的接口的访问凭证
    private String accessToken;

    public String getAppId() {
        return appId;
    }

    public void setAppId(String appId) {
        this.appId = appId;
    }

    public String getAppsecret() {
        return appsecret;
    }

    public void setAppsecret(String appsecret) {
        this.appsecret = appsecret;
    }

    public String getAccessToken() {
        return accessToken;
    }

    public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
        this.accessToken = accessToken;
    }

}

这里@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "wechat")注解会报黄，需要导入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

2.填写配置文件application.yml

以下两个值会被注入到WechatConf 中

wechat:
  app-id: wxc67a533f22dc2f9c
  appsecret: <your appsecret>

3.注入发送Http请求的对象

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class RestConf {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

4.后台调用微信接口凭证AccessToken的封装类

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

public class AccessToken {
    @JsonProperty("access_token")
    private String accessToken;
    
    @JsonProperty("expires_in")
    private Long expiresIn;

    public String getAccessToken() {
        return accessToken;
    }

    public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
        this.accessToken = accessToken;
    }

    public Long getExpiresIn() {
        return expiresIn;
    }

    public void setExpiresIn(Long expiresIn) {
        this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
    }
    
}

5.使用定时任务获取后台访问微信接口的凭证AccessToken

注意：需在启动类上添加开启定时任务的注解@EnableScheduling

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.thy.common.AccessToken;
import com.thy.config.WechatConf;

@Component
public class MessageTask {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private WechatConf wechatConf;

    /**
     * initialDelay: 初始化2s后执行第一次
     * fixedDelay:微信默认Token过期时间为7200s,这里定时7100s执行一次定时任务
     */
    @Scheduled(initialDelay = 2000, fixedDelay = 7100 * 1000)
    public void refreshToken() {
        // 请求方式: GET
        // URL：https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET
        // 发起一个get请求，返回的数据json文本，使用json工具将json文本直接转化为Class<?>
        AccessToken accessToken = restTemplate.getForObject(
                String.format(WechatConf.GET_TOKEN_URL, wechatConf.getAppId(), wechatConf.getAppsecret()),
                AccessToken.class);
        // 将获取的accessToken注入wechatConf
        wechatConf.setAccessToken(accessToken.getAccessToken());
    }
}

6.发送消息接口的请求参数的封装类

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

public class MessageTemplate {
    @JsonProperty("touser")
    private String toUser;

    @JsonProperty("template_id")
    private String templateId;

    private String url;
    
    private Map<String,String> miniprogram;

    private Map<String, Map<String, String>> data = new HashMap<>();

    public static Map<String, String> initData(String value, String color) {
        HashMap<String, String> data = new HashMap<String, String>();
        data.put("value", value);
        data.put("color", color);
        return data;
    }

    public String getToUser() {
        return toUser;
    }

    public void setToUser(String toUser) {
        this.toUser = toUser;
    }

    public String getTemplateId() {
        return templateId;
    }

    public void setTemplateId(String templateId) {
        this.templateId = templateId;
    }

    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }

    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getMiniprogram() {
        return miniprogram;
    }

    public void setMiniprogram(Map<String, String> miniprogram) {
        this.miniprogram = miniprogram;
    }

    public Map<String, Map<String, String>> getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(Map<String, Map<String, String>> data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

}

7.发送消息接口的返回值的封装类

public class Result {
    private Integer errcode;
    private String errmsg;
    private Long msgid;

    public Integer getErrcode() {
        return errcode;
    }

    public void setErrcode(Integer errcode) {
        this.errcode = errcode;
    }

    public String getErrmsg() {
        return errmsg;
    }

    public void setErrmsg(String errmsg) {
        this.errmsg = errmsg;
    }

    public Long getMsgid() {
        return msgid;
    }

    public void setMsgid(Long msgid) {
        this.msgid = msgid;
    }

}

8.消息发送接口

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.thy.common.MessageTemplate;
import com.thy.common.Result;
import com.thy.config.WechatConf;
import com.thy.pojo.UserCarInfo;

@RestController
public class MessageController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private WechatConf wechatConf;

    @RequestMapping("/sendMessage")
    public Object sendMessage(@RequestBody UserCarInfo userCarInfo) {
        MessageTemplate messageTemplate = new MessageTemplate();
        // 设置模板id
        messageTemplate.setTemplateId("othsG1ZD5w9ywTGyV6XCECnY1Q1oAIY5e-NvF94fzAI");
        // 设置接收用户openId
        messageTemplate.setToUser("oUbk_1bVlUGqhMzQHMC_jbkysMgY");
        //点击详情跳转的地址
        messageTemplate.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
        
        //设置模板dada参数
        messageTemplate.getData().put("topic", MessageTemplate.initData("您的单车已经锁定成功，骑行请注意安全！\n", ""));
        messageTemplate.getData().put("user", MessageTemplate.initData(userCarInfo.getUserName(), "#0000EE"));
        messageTemplate.getData().put("car", MessageTemplate.initData(userCarInfo.getCarSn(), "#00CD00"));
        SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        messageTemplate.getData().put("date", MessageTemplate.initData(simpleDateFormat.format(new Date())+"\n", ""));
        messageTemplate.getData().put("remark", MessageTemplate.initData("点击详情可查看您的租车信息", ""));
        //调用微信接口，发送模板消息
        Result result = restTemplate.postForObject(String.format(WechatConf.PUSH_MESSAGE_URL, wechatConf.getAccessToken()),
                messageTemplate, Result.class);
        return result;
    }
}

测试

1.运行项目，发送请求

2.接收到微信提醒消息

码云地址

https://gitee.com/gnliscream/wechat-message-demo.git